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英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)形式(Forms Of The Tenses)
定義:動(dòng)詞以一定的詞形變化形式來(lái)表達(dá)事物之動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的時(shí)間性者稱為時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)。
詞形變化的形式共有如下四種:
1.一般式(Simple Form)
2.進(jìn)行式(Progressive Form)
3.完成式(Perfect Form)
4.完成進(jìn)行式(Perfect Progressive Form)
動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的時(shí)間性則可分為如下三個(gè)時(shí)段:
1.現(xiàn)在(Present)
2.過(guò)去(Past)
3.將來(lái)(Future)
這四種詞形形式和三個(gè)時(shí)段可以配合成如下的十二種動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。
這十二種時(shí)態(tài)可以列表如下:
現(xiàn)以“I”為主語(yǔ),“do”為動(dòng)詞,把這十二種時(shí)態(tài)以實(shí)例表達(dá)如下:(例序即為時(shí)態(tài)的次序)
1.I do it every day.
(我每天做這樣的事。)
2.I did it yesterday.
(昨天我做了這件事。)
3.I shall/will do it tomorrow.
(明天我要做這件事。)
4.I am doing it now.
(現(xiàn)在我正在做這件事。)
5.I was doing it at that time.
(當(dāng)時(shí)我正在做這件事。)
6.I shall/will be doing it at 9:00 tomorrow morning.
(明天早晨九時(shí)我會(huì)正在做這件事。)
7.I have done it already.
(我已把這件事做好了。)
8.I have done it before I went home yesterday.
(昨天我在回家之前就把那件工作做完了。)
9.I shall/will have done it before you come back tomorrow.
(明天在我回來(lái)之前我會(huì)把這件工作做好。)
10.I have been doing it for two days.
(這件工作我已做了兩天了。──說(shuō)話時(shí)工作尚未做完,所以還得繼續(xù)做。)
11.I had been doing the work for two hours when the teacher came.
(老師來(lái)時(shí)那件工作我已做了兩小時(shí)了。──當(dāng)時(shí)工作尚未完成,所以老師來(lái)了我還繼續(xù)在做。)
12.I shall/will have been doing it for an hour when you come to see me at 9:00 tomorrow morning.
(明天早上九時(shí)你來(lái)看我時(shí),我會(huì)在做那件工作做了一小時(shí)。──當(dāng)然尚未能做完,還得繼續(xù)做下去。)
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