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英語語法

時間:2023-05-05 10:58:38 英語語法 我要投稿

關于英語語法大全

  動詞的種類

關于英語語法大全

  動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞,按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動詞,連系動詞,助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。

  1.行為動詞

  行為動詞可分為及物動詞 (vt)和不及物動詞(vi),及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài),有完整的詞義,能單獨作謂語,后跟賓語;不及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài),有完整的詞義,能單獨作謂語,但后面不能直接跟賓語,如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構成短語。

  如:

  More and more people study English.(vt)

  The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)

  2.連系動詞

  連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語。常用的連系動詞有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。

  如:

  Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

  It feels damp.

  3.助動詞

  助動詞本身無詞義,不能單獨作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞,表示否定,疑問及動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法特征,助動詞有 be,do,have,shall,will等。

  如:

  How do you usually come to school?

  The children are playing yo-yo now.

  4.情態(tài)動詞

  情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義,但不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞原形一起構成謂語,表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動詞有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。

  如:

  Can I help you?

  - Must we go now? -No, you needn't .

  a. can與be able to的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時,指本身有能力的"能";be able to用于各種時態(tài)均可,指須經過努力而"能"。

  b. must與have/has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認為"必須",只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時;have/has to表示客觀需要,意為"不得不",它可用于各種時態(tài)。

  c.need和dare既可作情態(tài)動詞也可作行為動詞。

  動詞不定式的形式

  1.作主語。 如:

  To learn English is very important.

  但實際上不定式作主語常用 it來作形式主語,而將不定式移至謂語動詞后作真正的主語。

  如上句可表達為:

  It's very important to learn English.

  2.作表語。 如:

  My idea is to ring him up at once.

  3.作賓語。 如:

  I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.

  4.作賓語補足語。

  a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動詞后面接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。

  如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.

  b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。

  如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.

  c. let, make, have這些使役動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。但在被動語態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。

  如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.

  d.動詞help接動詞不定式作賓語補足語,可帶to也可不帶to。

  如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?

  5.作定語。

  a.與被修飾詞有動賓關系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動詞為不及物動詞,后面的介詞千萬不要省略。

  如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.

  b.與被修飾詞有主謂關系。

  如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.

  c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關系。

  如: I have no time to play cards.

  6.作狀語,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結果等。

  如: I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.

  7.不定式復合結構"for sb. to do sth" 作主語時,常用"It is +adj+ for

  of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,

  right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."

  其他形容詞用 for。

  如:

  It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.

  It's very kind of you to help me.

  8.動詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。

  如: I don't know when to start.

  He didn't tell me where to go.

  但上面結構相當于一個從句,故上述句子也可表達為:

  I don't know when we'll start.

  He didn't tell me where he would go.

  注意:

  a.有些動詞或動詞短語不能帶不定式,只能接動詞的-ing形式。

  如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。

  如: The peasants are busy picking apples.

  Would you mind my opening the door?

  b.有些動詞后可接不定式,也可接動詞的-ing形式,但意思不同。

  如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做)

  Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經寄過信了)

  They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)

  They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)

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