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作文該怎樣復(fù)習(xí)
作文和聽力,閱讀一樣,可以早做準(zhǔn)備.現(xiàn)在流行的復(fù)習(xí)方法是從下半年復(fù)習(xí),甚至是考試前3個(gè)月才開始復(fù)習(xí).復(fù)習(xí)的教材無(wú)一例外的是考試蟲系列的<萬(wàn)能作文>:背一二十篇作文模式,背一二十篇范文,然后就上戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)了.腦子活的人活學(xué)活用,考后得意洋洋;腦子不活的人一籌莫展,考后傷心太平洋.年復(fù)一年,幾家歡喜幾家愁.
其實(shí),我覺(jué)得寫好作文,應(yīng)該從真正的能力培養(yǎng)上著手,提高真實(shí)的能力.從這個(gè)角度去復(fù)習(xí),不僅可以提高寫作水平,還可以提高英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)感,間接的提高閱讀水平,完型填空的水平,翻譯水平等.
作文的復(fù)習(xí)分為4個(gè)階段.
第一個(gè)階段,我覺(jué)得需要花半年的時(shí)間.也就是今年上半年的時(shí)間.主要是挑選好的論說(shuō)性的文章(比如大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀教材上的相關(guān)文章),翻譯成中文.然后對(duì)照你翻譯的中文再翻譯成英文.把你的英文和原文對(duì)照,比較你的錯(cuò)誤之處,糾正你的中式英語(yǔ).這個(gè)過(guò)程很痛苦艱辛.但是是提高英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感,寫出地道的英語(yǔ)句子,打好作文的基礎(chǔ)的唯一方法.這一階段,估計(jì)英-漢-英翻譯20篇左右的論說(shuō)文章(每篇文章800字左右)就足夠了。
這一階段還要隨時(shí)摘錄好的優(yōu)美句子和句型結(jié)構(gòu).并熟記.
第二階段,是暑假階段.這一階段,開始向考研應(yīng)試的階段過(guò)渡.先看看<萬(wàn)能作文>或者是其它指導(dǎo)考研作文的輔導(dǎo)書,了解考場(chǎng)作文是怎么一回事,如何組段成文,如何起承轉(zhuǎn)合等.同時(shí)進(jìn)一步總結(jié)優(yōu)美句子和句型結(jié)構(gòu).
第三個(gè)階段,是下學(xué)期開學(xué)起到考試前一個(gè)月.這一階段就大量的寫作文.每周寫1,2篇文章.這個(gè)寫作文,也有講究:把一篇作文寫好羅,不要仍掉就不管了.把它保存好,過(guò)2天后再拿出來(lái)修改,然后謄好后再保存起來(lái).以后有時(shí)間了再拿出來(lái)修改.如此反復(fù)的修改時(shí),要思考怎樣把優(yōu)美句子使用到我的文章中來(lái)?怎樣把好的句子結(jié)構(gòu)使用在文章中?一篇文章經(jīng)過(guò)幾次修改后,把最后修改的文章謄寫好,保存下來(lái),以備沖刺階段復(fù)習(xí)參考.
這個(gè)階段,還有個(gè)重要的任務(wù),就是從大量的你收集的優(yōu)美句子和句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,挑選出你最喜歡使用的40條句子.這40條要包括所有的起承轉(zhuǎn)合,開頭結(jié)尾,原因結(jié)構(gòu),立論的句型結(jié)構(gòu).并在寫作練習(xí)中不斷的使用這40條.
第四個(gè)階段,就是考前一個(gè)月.這一階段,把所有修改好的文章都拿出來(lái)看看.思考自己是如何把那些好的優(yōu)美句子和句型結(jié)構(gòu)用在文章中去的.進(jìn)一步熟悉那40條句子.
附:論說(shuō)文句型
注:一至七條為圖表句型.
一． 上升增長(zhǎng)
1．…add up to… 增加了
eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.
2． to jump to / to soar to.. 一躍達(dá)到/ 猛增到…
eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.
3．…an increase of about…percent as compared with.. 與…相比大約增加了…
eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.
4．…to experience an increase/incline …有了增長(zhǎng)
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二． 下降，減少
1．…to sink/drop/reduce to… 減少到…
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.
2．…to experience a decrease/decline …有了減少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.
注意：
修飾上升/減少的副詞有：
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively
表達(dá)上升/減少的最后狀態(tài)的詞有：
the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三． 起伏
1．…to go up and down …起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.
2．There be ups and downs …有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）.
四． 穩(wěn)定
1．…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持穩(wěn)定，幾乎不變
eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.
2．…to level off (vi.)
eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.
注意：
修飾起伏或穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的副詞有：
almost fairly
可以用于表達(dá)起伏，穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的句子中的詞組或句型：
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predicted that…
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …
五． 成正比，反比
1．…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 與…成正比/反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.
六． 占百分之幾，幾分之幾
1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…
eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.
2．…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4
eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.
3．…account for…percent 占百分之幾
eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七． 倍數(shù)
1．A be …times as much/many as B
eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.
2．A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的兩倍，一半，三倍
eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.
附一 圓盤比例型圖表
例： 一個(gè)圓盤顯示了大學(xué)生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的開銷，它們各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描敘這個(gè)圓盤圖。
描述:
The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.
總結(jié)寫作模式：
…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,…….
.
八.原因結(jié)果
1….(結(jié)果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)]
2….(結(jié)果)…, attributable to（原因） [attributable to為形容詞短語(yǔ)]
3….(結(jié)果) lie in the fact that（原因） [ 同位語(yǔ)從句 ]
4….（結(jié)果）result from（原因） [句型一般]
5. It is precisely because （原因）…that （導(dǎo)致結(jié)果）… [強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)]
6. …, as a result, …（導(dǎo)致結(jié)果）… [as a result做插入語(yǔ)]
7. （原因）be responsible for（結(jié)果） [常見(jiàn)句型]
8. （原因），which in turn（結(jié)果）
eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.
九．采取措施，提出建議
1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,… [常見(jiàn)句型]
2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果讓這種情況繼續(xù)發(fā)展下去，那么……。到那個(gè)時(shí)候，……。[比較好的句型]
3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)， more and more比many好]
4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[ 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，due attention 和be paid to 搭配]
5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我們?cè)趺丛趺醋觯�，那將沒(méi)有比這令我更高興的了。[條件句，反問(wèn)句]
6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]
7. enhance the awareness of people that…
8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我們首先要解決的是……。 [比The first thing we should do is … 句型 高級(jí)的多，精彩的多，生動(dòng)的多]
9. ……as soon as possible [常見(jiàn)句型]
10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 結(jié)構(gòu)， 比sth. be much important好]
十．方式，比較
1. (Just) as …, so…
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