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ＧＲＥ全真考試題三
The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best. Just as economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the law of supply and demand left actual wants unsatisfied, so also many linguists are deaf to those instances in which the very nature of a language calls forth misunderstandings in everyday conversation, and in which, consequently, a word has to be modified or defined in order to present the idea intended by the speaker: "He took his stick-no, not John s, but his own. " No language is perfect, and if we admit this truth, we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to investigate the relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages.The primary purpose of the passage is to analyze an interesting feature of the English language refute a belief held by some linguists show that economic theory is relevant to linguistic study illustrate the confusion that can result from the improper use of language suggest a way in which languages can be made more nearly perfect
答案：(B)
某些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家的一種普遍信念是，每種語(yǔ)言都是一個(gè)載體，可用來(lái)完美地表達(dá)操該種語(yǔ)言的民族的思想。在某種程度上，這一語(yǔ)言學(xué)思想與曼徹斯特經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)派所堅(jiān)信的觀點(diǎn)如出一轍，構(gòu)成了一種絕然的對(duì)等理論。該經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)派認(rèn)為，供求關(guān)系制約著一切并使一切趨勢(shì)于最佳狀態(tài)。正如這些經(jīng)濟(jì)家對(duì)供求規(guī)律所造成的使實(shí)際需求不得滿足的諸般實(shí)例視而不見(jiàn)那樣，同樣地，許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家對(duì)下述情形也可謂是充耳不聞。在此類(lèi)情形中，語(yǔ)言的性質(zhì)本身就有可能導(dǎo)致日常交談中的種種誤解，因此在這種情況下，一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)必須經(jīng)過(guò)修飾或界定之后，才有可能表達(dá)說(shuō)話者所意欲表述的那層涵義：“他拿了他的拐杖——不，不是約翰的，而是他自己的�！睕](méi)有任何語(yǔ)言是盡善盡美的，假如我們承認(rèn)這一真理，我們同樣也必須承認(rèn)，對(duì)不同語(yǔ)言的相對(duì)優(yōu)劣，或?qū)Σ煌Z(yǔ)言中的不同細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行分析，這并非不合情理。
The misunderstanding presented by the author in lines 19-20 is similar to which of the following?
I.X uses the word "you" to refer to a group, but Y thinks that X is referring to one person only.
II. X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly" to refer to a typical example, but Y knows that "anomaly" means "exception."
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