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奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)的淵源-古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)
奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)興起于歐洲資本主義工業(yè)化時(shí)代，但其淵源可以追溯到古希臘的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)為祭祀希臘的萬(wàn)神之王宙斯神而設(shè)立，每四年一屆，在古希臘最著名的宗教祭祀圣地奧林匹亞舉行。從公元前776年開(kāi)始，到公元393年結(jié)束，古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)共舉行了293屆，歷時(shí)1169年，其延續(xù)時(shí)間之長(zhǎng)，影響之深遠(yuǎn)，在人類歷史上是一個(gè)奇跡。之后，歷史中斷了，直到19世紀(jì)現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)的興起，它再次綻放輝煌。
Legends obscure the origins of the games, so placing any certain date on the start of the contest is impossible. Even our earliest sources hold the festival in the highest regard, suggesting the games were quite ancient. Pausanias says:
Later on Iphitus, ... arranged the games at Olympia and reestablished afresh the Olympic festival and truce, after an interruption of uncertain length. ... At this time Greece was grievously worn by internal strife and plague, and it occurred to Iphitus to ask the god at Delphi for deliverance from these evils. The story goes that the Pythian priestess ordained that Iphitus himself and the Eleans must renew the Olympic games. (Pausanias 5.4.5-6)
Most historians date Iphitos (Iphitus) to some time in the ninth century B.C.
The first recorded Olympic victor was Koroibos of Elis, traditionally dated to 776 B.C. Historical records and documents have preserved a long list of subsequent Olympic victors. Greek historians later used number of the Olympiad, the four year period between contests, as a means of dating events. If an event was said to have occurred in the first Olympiad, for example, it would be dated to the period of 776 to 772 B.C.
The games carried on, even as Greece's power declined and Rome's rose. Although the Olympics continued to enjoy a measure of prestige, the varying political and economic changes of the Hellenistic and Roman periods affected both the site and the games. Some later Roman emperors, who admired Greek culture, revived the splendor of the games and restored the site and buildings.
By the 3rd century A.D., however, the lists of victors are increasingly uncertain and incomp
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