籃球的歷史History of Basketbal

　　籃球（basketball），是以手為中心的身體對抗性體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，是奧運(yùn)會(huì)核心比賽項(xiàng)目[1]。以下是小編收集整理的籃球的歷史History of Basketball，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。

　　籃球的歷史History of Basketbal

　　Basketball. The worlds greatest sport ever. But of course, it hasnt been around since the world began. No, somebody had to have invented it. And that somebody would be James Naismith.

　　Born in Almonte, Ontario, Canada, this Canadian Gym Teacher and Physician would soon be the founder of basketball. It all started in December of 1891. Naismith was teaching in Springfield, Massachusetts and was asked by Luther H. Gulick, the Headmaster of the school for Christian Works to make a new sport. The main idea of the sport was mainly to be played inside when it was too cold to go outside. The new sport also had to keep athletes in their top conditions between the baseball and football season. Naismith began to work. The first game-ball was a soccer ball.

　　The first baskets were peach baskets that Naismith cleverly thought of hanging on the wall. From there, the legacy of basketball began. Originally, there was 9 men to each team, but the objective was still the same; to pass the ball to other players on your team and put the ball in the opposing teams net, or basket back then. From there, basketball caught on like a wildfire.

　　During 1885 highschools and colleges began to adopt the game, and by 1898, the first Pro League was founded. After the first game played, Naismith drafted 13 rules and regulations, but many more were yet to come. The hoops we know today were invented in 1906. They were steel, with a net hanging from its rim.

　　籃球作為世界上最偉大的運(yùn)動(dòng)之一，并不是憑空而來，它一定有自己的發(fā)明者。這個(gè)發(fā)明者，就是James Naismith。James 出生于加拿大的安大略，他曾是一個(gè)體育教師。在1891年他在馬塞諸塞教授體育的時(shí)候，學(xué)校的校長讓他為基督教的活動(dòng)想出一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，而這種運(yùn)動(dòng)一定要在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行，因?yàn)槭彝夂芾�。這種運(yùn)動(dòng)，按照校長的要求，一定要使運(yùn)動(dòng)員保持棒球和足球比賽時(shí)的激情。于是，他就開始思考這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。經(jīng)過思考，他想出了一種方法：在墻上掛網(wǎng)子，然后把球扔向這個(gè)用網(wǎng)子做的籃子里。從此，籃球得以產(chǎn)生。本來，每個(gè)隊(duì)伍有9個(gè)隊(duì)員，但是規(guī)則是：把球傳向自己隊(duì)伍的隊(duì)員，然后設(shè)法投向?qū)Ψ降目鹱永铩�從此，籃球就很快傳播開來。1885年，高中和大學(xué)都開始采用這種運(yùn)動(dòng)方式，到1898年，第一個(gè)籃球聯(lián)盟成立。第一次比賽后，James設(shè)計(jì)了13個(gè)比賽規(guī)則。籃球筐子的邊緣框架是在1906年設(shè)計(jì)的，材料是鋼。

　　分歧

　　NBA的規(guī)則具有一定特殊性，奧運(yùn)會(huì)籃球比賽嚴(yán)格遵守FIBA（國際籃聯(lián)）規(guī)則。

　　比賽時(shí)間

　　FIBA：每節(jié)比賽時(shí)間為10分鐘，四節(jié)比賽一共40分鐘。

　　NBA：一節(jié)比賽時(shí)間12分鐘，四節(jié)比賽一共48分鐘。

　　二者加時(shí)賽時(shí)間都是5分鐘，且二者都遵循24秒進(jìn)攻時(shí)間限制規(guī)則。

　　犯規(guī)次數(shù)

　　FIBA：球員犯規(guī)5次會(huì)被罰下，技術(shù)犯規(guī)次數(shù)也計(jì)算在其中。

　　NBA：球員犯規(guī)6次，或者技術(shù)犯規(guī)2次會(huì)被罰下。

　　三分線

　　FIBA：三分線頂弧距離籃筐為6.75米，底線為6.6米

　　NBA：三分線頂弧距離籃筐為7.25米，底線為6.7米。

　　暫停數(shù)

　　NBA：每場比賽可以叫6次長暫停、2次短暫停（上下半場各一次），加時(shí)賽中還有3次60秒暫停。

　　FIBA：所有暫停時(shí)間都是1分鐘，每支球隊(duì)上半場可以叫2次暫停，下半場3次，加時(shí)賽1次。

　　FIBA規(guī)則中，只有教練有權(quán)利叫暫停，球員不允許。

　　干擾球規(guī)則

　　例：一個(gè)球員在籃球還在籃筐上方時(shí)將其一掌扇出

　　FIBA：并不算違例，這是完全合法的，只要球還在上升，球員就可以觸碰。

　　NBA：判罰干擾球。

　　區(qū)域防守

　　FIBA：任何形式的區(qū)域防守都是被允許的。

　　NBA：區(qū)域防守被允許，但由于三秒規(guī)則的存在，球員們不可以一直待在油漆區(qū)內(nèi)。

　　divergence

　　The rules of the NBA have certain peculiarities, and Olympic basketball matches strictly adhere to FIBA (International Basketball Federation) rules.

　　Competition time

　　FIBA: Each competition lasts for 10 minutes, with a total of 40 minutes for four competitions.

　　NBA: One game lasts 12 minutes, with a total of 48 minutes for four games.

　　Both teams have an extra time of 5 minutes, and both follow the rule of a 24 second attack time limit.

　　Number of fouls committed

　　FIBA: A player who fouls 5 times will be sent off, and the number of technical fouls will also be counted.

　　NBA: Players who commit 6 fouls or 2 technical fouls will be sent off.

　　Tripartite line

　　FIBA: The distance between the top arc of the three-point line and the basket is 6.75 meters, and the bottom line is 6.6 meters

　　NBA: The top arc of the three-point line is 7.25 meters away from the basket, and the baseline is 6.7 meters.

　　Pause count

　　NBA: Each game can be called 6 long pauses, 2 short pauses (once in the upper and lower halves), and 3 60 second pauses in overtime.

　　FIBA: All pauses are 1 minute, and each team can have 2 pauses in the first half, 3 pauses in the second half, and 1 extra time.

　　In FIBA rules, only coaches have the right to call a timeout, and players are not allowed to do so.

　　Interference Ball Rule

　　Example: A player fan out a basketball while it is still above the basket

　　FIBA: Its not a violation, its completely legal, as long as the ball is still rising, players can touch it.

　　NBA: Judgment interference ball.

　　Regional defense

　　FIBA: Any form of regional defense is allowed.

　　NBA: Regional defense is allowed, but due to the existence of the three second rule, players cannot stay in the paint area all the time.

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