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高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法專講精品教案 第10講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法專講精品教案 第10講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 來(lái)源：中學(xué)學(xué)科網(wǎng) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：包括不定式to do，動(dòng)名詞doing，過去分詞done及現(xiàn)在分詞doing. 動(dòng)詞不定式： 1.作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 1) It is hard _____ a high mountain.(climb) （不定式作主語(yǔ)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。） 2) The only way to reach the edge of the forest ___ the narrow dirt path in front of us. A. was to take B. was to taking C. will take D. was taken （不定式作表語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)說明主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容。） 2.某些動(dòng)詞后須跟不定式to do作賓語(yǔ)： e.g. afford, agree, decide, demand, offer, determine, hope, expect, wish, happen, fail, manage, desire, long(渴望), plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, intend, seem;… 3.某些動(dòng)詞后須用不定式作賓補(bǔ)v.+n.+to do e.g. advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, cause, choose, drive(驅(qū)使), enable, encourage, expect, wish, force, get, invite, prefer, tell, think, want, warn, order, require, call on, depend on… 4.動(dòng)詞let, have, make, notice, watch, observe, feel, hear, see, 后用動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ). 如改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，省掉的to要還原。 e.g. I heard Mary sing last night. Mary was heard to sing last night. 5.某些結(jié)構(gòu)后面要用省to的不定式(即動(dòng)詞原形)： would/had rather, would you please, had better, rather than(而不是) 6.不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其修飾的名詞有主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 e.g. 1) I haven’t decided which hotel ______. A. to stay B. to be stayed at C. to stay at D. for staying 2) The old scientist has been invited to a party _____ next Monday evening. A. holding B. held C. to be held D. being held 3) Little Betty found __________. A. with no one to play B. no one to play with C. no one to be played with D. no one to play 4) a. Mr Smith is the very doctor ______. b. Mr Smith is the very doctor for you __. A. to be sent for B. to send for C. sending for D. to be sent 7.疑問詞+不定式 to do：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞從句，常用來(lái)作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。 e.g. He doesn’t know____ to stay or not. A. if B. either C. whether D. if he will Last summer I took a course on _____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how are dresses made 不定式的省略： ---Did your brother go to the party? ---No, but he _______. A. planned it B. planned to C. planned so D. planned 形容詞easy, difficult, hard, fit后的動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 e.g. I found the German Language hard _____.A. to be learned B. to learn C. learned D. learning 動(dòng)名詞doing 1.作主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞表一種抽象的和泛指的概念，而不定式表一次性的，具體的動(dòng)作。 e.g. Swimming is a good exercise. To swim across that river is possible some day when I grow up. 用在It is no use (good, a waste of time, not an easy task )…和there be no (no use)…結(jié)構(gòu)中。 e.g. It is no good _____ the stable door when the horse is stolen. A. closing B. to shut C. locking D. to lock There is no use ______ him at this hour. A. to call B. called C. to ring D. calling 2.作賓語(yǔ)：某些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, fancy(愛好), suggest, excuse(原諒), finish, mind, miss, practise, allow，risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, advise, give up… 3.有些動(dòng)詞后即可接不定式，又可接動(dòng)名詞，但意義不一樣： e.g. remember, forget, regret +to do 動(dòng)作未發(fā)生 + doing動(dòng)作已發(fā)生 e.g. I remember to post the letter. I remember posting the letter. try to do 盡力做 try doing嘗試做 stop to do stop doing mean to do打算做 mean doing意味著做 4.sth. need, require, want + doing某事需要被 e.g. The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. This place is worth traveling hundreds of miles to see. 5.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：（動(dòng)名詞帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)） e.g. His/ John’s coming made us happy. （作主語(yǔ)） Do you mind my /me/Mary’s/Mary going to your party? （作賓語(yǔ)） 6.動(dòng)名詞完成式與被動(dòng)形式： e.g. He didn’t mention having met me. I apologize for not having kept my promise. Being killed by sharks was a common thing here. 分詞 過去分詞常表完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在分詞常表正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 ●現(xiàn)在分詞 一、現(xiàn)在分詞的基本特征:表主動(dòng)的，進(jìn)行的，表特征 二、現(xiàn)在分詞的用法 ①現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的特征或和連系動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 The book is interesting. The present situation is more encouraging than ever before. The girl is watering the trees. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)一般可以譯成“使、令…的” ②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾的名詞的特征，或修飾名詞所做的動(dòng)作。 單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)必須前置；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)則后置。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，都可以變成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)所修飾的名詞有主謂關(guān)系�！� He is a promising young man. 他是個(gè)大有前途的年輕人。 I have a friend living in London. (=I have a friend who lives in London.) ③現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，多用來(lái)表示伴隨、時(shí)間、原因、方式等�，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主句的主語(yǔ)。 如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，并且已經(jīng)完成，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式。 They stood by the road, reading books. Having stepped into the cave, Crusoe lit a fire. ④現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，動(dòng)作是賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，主動(dòng)的，多用于使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞之后。 We saw a light burning in the window. I cant get the clock going again. 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，否定式，被動(dòng)形式： e.g. a.Having worked among the workers for many years, he knew them very well. b. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. c. Can you see the building being built? d. Having been put into prison, he felt hopeless. ●過去分詞 一、過去分詞的基本特征 表被動(dòng)的、完成的、表狀態(tài) 二、過去分詞的用法 ①過去分詞作表語(yǔ)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是及物動(dòng)詞）。 The glass is broken. She is quite pleased. The glass was broken by Li Hua. ②過去分詞作定語(yǔ)多表示被動(dòng)意義和完成意義。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 其前置和特征與現(xiàn)在分詞相同。過去分詞作定語(yǔ)所修飾的名詞有被動(dòng)關(guān)系或系表關(guān)系。 He is a man loved by all. I hate to read letters written in pencil. ③過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)一樣，可以表示伴隨、時(shí)間、原因、方式等。 過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)必須注意它表示的動(dòng)作是該句主語(yǔ)發(fā)不出來(lái)的或表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)， 但其邏輯上的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是主句的主語(yǔ)。 When (water is ) heated, water changes into steam. ④過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，多表示賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或被動(dòng)意義。動(dòng)作是賓語(yǔ)發(fā)不來(lái)的。 多用于使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞和like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意義的動(dòng)詞后面。 特別注意“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋過去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。 I have to have my hair cut. You should make yourself understood by all. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般必須與句子主語(yǔ)一致。 如不一致，分詞須帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。常表伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況。 e.g. a. He rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat. b. Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing tomorrow. c. So many teachers being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. d. His work finished, he prepared to return to his home. e. 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