托福培訓(xùn)心得范文

　　綜合寫作高分核心要求

　　業(yè)界一直對(duì)于托福綜合寫作拿高分的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)有所爭(zhēng)議，這次培訓(xùn)我們得到了對(duì)于公開評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的進(jìn)一步解釋材料，綜合寫作高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　Selects and presents the relevant main points from both the lecture and the reading

　　(從閱讀和聽力材料中選取主要信息點(diǎn)，即我們常說的閱讀三個(gè)主要信息點(diǎn)和聽力三個(gè)信息點(diǎn))

　　Demonstrates the relationship between each of the main points of the lecture and the reading.

　　(闡述閱讀和聽力材料各自三個(gè)主要信息點(diǎn)的關(guān)系)

　　Adds supporting details.

　　(補(bǔ)充細(xì)節(jié)信息)

　　其中，對(duì)于第一個(gè)要求同學(xué)們大多都了解，即在寫綜合寫作的時(shí)候，閱讀和聽力材料的三個(gè)主要信息點(diǎn)都要寫上。但問題往往出在第二個(gè)寫作要求上，雖然主要信息點(diǎn)都寫了，但是寫作方法不對(duì)，既未能“闡述”閱讀和聽力材料各自三個(gè)主要信息點(diǎn)的關(guān)系。閱讀材料和聽力材料的關(guān)系并不總是那么顯而易見，雖然聽力材料總是對(duì)閱讀材料進(jìn)行反駁，但到底是怎么反駁的呢?這就要求同學(xué)們能快速理解、把握(而非靠猜)閱讀和聽力材料的意思。第三，如果你想在綜合寫作拿逼近絕對(duì)高分的分?jǐn)?shù)，還要在上述基礎(chǔ)之上補(bǔ)充閱讀和聽力材料的細(xì)節(jié)信息。

　　我們來看一段ETS給出的綜合寫作高分范文的節(jié)選

　　The second point of the lecture argues against the reading passage's opinion about the Chevalier's conversation with Voltaire. (闡述聽力和閱讀材料的信息點(diǎn)的關(guān)系)

　　The reading passage argues that the conversations may not be accurate, (閱讀主要信息點(diǎn))

　　because the conversations had taken place long before it was recorded. (閱讀補(bǔ)充細(xì)節(jié))

　　However, according to the lecture, the Chevalier used to write down every conversation with Voltaire, (聽力主要信息點(diǎn)) immediately after they had finished conversing. As a result, the Chevalier could use his notes and journal s to complete his memories with Voltaire. (聽力補(bǔ)充細(xì)節(jié))

　　獨(dú)立寫作對(duì)于寫作思路/內(nèi)容的要求

　　在托福獨(dú)立寫作中，很多同學(xué)感到疑惑，我文章中用于支撐我觀點(diǎn)的理由和寫作思路(可被籠統(tǒng)稱為論證)到底到達(dá)一個(gè)什么樣的水平才算是滿足高分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中“well organized, and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations…displays unity, progression, and coherence”的要求。

　　在此次培訓(xùn)中，ETS培訓(xùn)師明確指出，托福作為語(yǔ)言考試，雖然文章思路(reason)很重要，但是弱于對(duì)語(yǔ)言的要求。考生在闡述支撐自己觀點(diǎn)的理由的時(shí)候，只要能做到“connects all ideas, and so the reader does not have to guess at intended meaning”即可滿足高分要求。也就是說，考生在寫作時(shí)，應(yīng)注意自己中間段每句話之間都有聯(lián)系，并且句子內(nèi)容是解釋、支撐自己理由和觀點(diǎn)的即可。

　　我們來看兩段此次ETS培訓(xùn)所給出的官方范文節(jié)選

　　題目：A teacher's ability to relate well with students is more important than excellent knowledge of the subject being taught. (老師和學(xué)生處好關(guān)系的能力比對(duì)自己所教學(xué)科有優(yōu)秀知識(shí)更重要)

　　4分范文中間段(反對(duì)題目觀點(diǎn))

　　First, teachers' job is to educate their student with their knowledge. (老師的職責(zé)是傳授知識(shí)) The ability to relate well with their student is something a counselor should possess, not a teacher. (跟學(xué)生處好關(guān)系是輔導(dǎo)員而非教師的職責(zé)) That's why the board of education gives an award to a teacher with an excellent knowledge of the subject they teach. (這就是為什么教學(xué)委員會(huì)給擁有優(yōu)秀知識(shí)的教師頒獎(jiǎng)) Teachers who can get alone with their students but have no knowledge can be popular and be liked by his or her students, however I don't consider a teacher with no knowledge a good teacher. (能和學(xué)生處好關(guān)系但是沒有知識(shí)的教師不是好教師)

　　中間段思路分析：在這個(gè)中間段中，作者不同意題目觀點(diǎn)的理由是教師的職責(zé)是傳授知識(shí)而非跟學(xué)生處好關(guān)系– 那是輔導(dǎo)員而非教師的職責(zé)。教師因?yàn)閷?duì)自己所授學(xué)科了解全面所以獲得嘉獎(jiǎng)，而那些只會(huì)和學(xué)生處好關(guān)系但是沒有知識(shí)的老師不是好老師。

　　5分范文中間段(同意題目觀點(diǎn))

　　A teacher's primary goal is to teach students the best they can about the things that are in our textbooks and more important, how to show respect for one another. They teach us how to live a better life by getting along with everyone. In order to do that, the teachers themselves have to be able to relate well with students.

　　中間段思路分析：老師有兩個(gè)主要職責(zé)，一個(gè)是傳授知識(shí)，另一個(gè)(也是更重要的)是教學(xué)生互相尊重。老師教我們?nèi)绾胃�他人相處而有更好的生活，但這一點(diǎn)的前提是他們自己能和學(xué)生處好關(guān)系。

　　…

　　(Example)

　　….

　　Knowledge of the subject being taught is something taken for granted, but at the same time, secondary. One must go through and pass a series of courses and tests in order to become a teacher. Any teacher is able to have excellent knowledge of their subject but not all teachers can have the ability to relate well with students.

　　中間段思路分析：教授知識(shí)即是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)�，也是次要的。每個(gè)老師都要經(jīng)歷一系列的測(cè)試才能成為老師。任何老師都能對(duì)自己所教授的學(xué)科擁有良好的知識(shí)，但是不是每個(gè)老師都能和學(xué)生處好關(guān)系。

　　總結(jié)：這兩個(gè)中間段的寫作思路很不一樣。第一個(gè)是通過解釋教師的職責(zé)是教授學(xué)生，所以教師擁有優(yōu)秀學(xué)術(shù)能力更重要。而第二個(gè)的寫作思路則是闡述為什么跟學(xué)生處好關(guān)系比擁有學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)更重要而去支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。但是這兩個(gè)中間段都做到了每句話與每句話之間聯(lián)系緊密，并且契合題目。

　　獨(dú)立寫作對(duì)于寫作語(yǔ)言的要求

　　此次ETS培訓(xùn)對(duì)于寫作語(yǔ)言要求也給出了較為明確的指導(dǎo)意見。一篇高分獨(dú)立應(yīng)滿足以下要求

　　Contains a range of grammatical structures 一系列的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)

　　These are (grammatical structures) are appropriately used 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)被恰當(dāng)使用

　　Do not interfere with reader's understanding 小錯(cuò)誤不影響讀者的理解

　　從以上評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)我們可以看出，托�？荚噷懽鞑糠植⒉灰�求考生使用復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，而是要求各類語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)能交替并準(zhǔn)確使用。而且非常重要的一點(diǎn)是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)不影響考官理解你想表達(dá)的句子意思。

　　我們來看一下上篇4分范文另一個(gè)中間段所犯的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤

　　Thirdly, teachers are responsible for conceding (not clear exactly what word is intended here, 此處conceding用詞不當(dāng)) their knowledge to their next generation. Teachers already had an experience of getting advantaged education (advanced education or advantaged education? “advantaged education”這個(gè)詞表意不清) from college. Teachers should not let that privilege become useless and workless. We all learn because we want to become the better person that this world needs. (connection between two sentences? 句與句直接沒有聯(lián)系) Students will also eventually grow up to be influencing other people and teachers should voluntarily be their students’ role models.

　　總結(jié)：在這個(gè)中間段中，考生使用了一系列的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，其中包括動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，復(fù)合句和從句的使用，其中部分句型同時(shí)使用了兩種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，比如在最后一句話中，考生同時(shí)使用了動(dòng)詞不定式和and所連接的復(fù)合句，因此滿足了一系列的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的要求。但是考生之所以在這篇文章中只拿到4分是因?yàn)檫@段出現(xiàn)數(shù)個(gè)表意不清和句與句之間沒有聯(lián)系的錯(cuò)位，這說明托福考試對(duì)于語(yǔ)言使用的準(zhǔn)確性和表意清晰的要求高于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性。

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