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formal term
正式用語(formal term)
合同英語有著嚴肅的風格,與其它英語作品有很大不同,
formal term
。例如:
“因為”的短語多用“by virtue of ",遠遠多于“due to”一般不用“because of ”;
“財務年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”,而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”;
“在……之前”一般用“prior to”,而不用“before”;
“關于”常用“as regards”, “concerning”或“relating to”,而不會用“about”;
“事實上”用“in effect”,而不用“in fact”;
“開始”用“commencement”,而不用“start”或“begin”;
“停止做”用“cease to do”,而不用“stop to do”;
“何時開會并由某某主持”的表述為:The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 其中“召開”不用“hold 或call”,而用“convene”;“主持”不用“chair”或“be in charge of ”,而用“preside”;
“其他事項”用“miscellaneous”, 而不用“other matters/events”;
“理解合同”用“construe a contract” 或“comprehend a contract”,而不用“understand a contract”;
“認為”用“deem”,用“consider”少,不用“think”或“believe”;
“愿意做”用“intend to do”或“desrie to do”,而不用“want to do”, “wish to do”,
資料共享平臺
《formal term》(http://www.szmdbiao.com)。用詞專業(yè)(Technical Terms)
合同用詞不以大眾是否理解和接受為轉移,它是合同語言準確表達的保障。如合同出現的“瑕疵”、“救濟”、“不可抗力”、“管轄”、“損毀”、“滅失”等就可能讓非行業(yè)人士費解,在英語以上表達分別為defect、remedy、force majuere/Act of God、jurisdiction、damage and/or loss)。另外幾乎每個合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as , whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of , hereby, thereof 等虛詞。這也是合同英語的一大特色。
其它例子還有:
“賠償”用“indemnities”,而不用“compensation”
“不動產轉讓”用“conveyance”,而不用“trnasfer of real estate”
“房屋出租”用“tenancy”,而“財產出租”用“lease of property”
“停業(yè)”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名詞是cessation) a business”,而不用“end/stop a business”
專利許可中的“特許權使用費”只用“royalities”
還款或專利申請的“寬限期”英文“grace”,
“當事人在破產中的和解”用“composition”
以實物出資為“investment in kind”
“依照合同相關規(guī)定”一般說“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等,不說“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”
“合同任何一方當事人不得轉讓本合同”英文表述為“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”,其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”,選用“Neither party to the contract”較少。