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“What句式”歸納整理，易混易錯(cuò)難點(diǎn)解析
“What句式”歸納整理，易混易錯(cuò)難點(diǎn)解析河南省商水第一高級(jí)中學(xué)教學(xué)與備考研究室
王祥玉
郵編：466100 E-mail： ssygwxy@yahoo.com.cn
經(jīng)過(guò)多年的高考備考指導(dǎo)，結(jié)合近十年的高考試題，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)“what句式”試題出現(xiàn)率高，而且同學(xué)們易混易錯(cuò)，為便于科學(xué)備考，輕松得分，特歸納如下：
一高考試題精選
1____we can’t get seems better than_____ we have [NMET1996,22 ]
A What; what B What ; that C That ;that D That ;what
【解析】答案:A .“人們不能得到的東西好象總比人們已有得東西要好”。本句主語(yǔ)從句中得get和表語(yǔ)從句中得have都缺少賓語(yǔ)。而that 不作成分，又沒(méi)有詞義。
2 It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants [NMET1997,6]
A however B whatever C whichever D whenever
【解析】答案:B . 空格上所填詞作wants得賓語(yǔ),而whichever用于 特定范圍內(nèi)得選擇,不和題的要求.
3 ____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present [NMET1993,23 ]
A What B That C The fact D The matter
【解析】答案:A .名詞the fact 和matter不作動(dòng)詞say 的賓語(yǔ),而主語(yǔ)從句中的said 須用賓語(yǔ)來(lái)表示說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,沒(méi)有詞義,不作成分.
4 ____caused the accident is still a mystery . [1998上海，5 ]
A What B That C How D Where
【解析】答案: A 這是主語(yǔ)從句.what 在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ).
5 These wild flowers are so special I would do ____I can to save them. [NMET2000北京春季,25 ]
A whatever B that C which D whichever
【解析】答案:A do 后接賓語(yǔ)從句.賓語(yǔ)從句I can 后省略了do,缺少賓語(yǔ).
6 Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster____ he had done the day before. [ 2001上海春季,31 ]
A that B how C where D what
【解析】答案:D 這是賓語(yǔ)從句..賓語(yǔ)從句he had done 后缺少賓語(yǔ),需填what .
7 ____fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.[ 2002上海春季,33]
A What B That C This D Which
【解析】答案:B 這是主語(yǔ)從句。 主語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)完整的句子，要填that
8 ____ made the school proud was ____more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities .
[2003上海春季,33] A What ；because B What ；that C That ；what D That ； because
【解析】答案：B what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)；that 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在表語(yǔ)從句中起連接作用。
9 —Are you still thinking about yesterday’ game? ----Oh, that’s______ [NMET2003北京春季,25 ]
A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about
C how I feel about it D when I feel excited
【解析】答案 A . What 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 What在表語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)
10 ---Susan，will you please go and empty that drawer？---_______? [ NMET 2004 全國(guó)卷II ,34]
A What for B What is it C How is it D How come
【解析】答案: A . what for表示empty that drawer的目的;how come 表示“怎么….會(huì)；怎么可能……?”
二 “What句式”易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納解析
㈠特殊疑問(wèn)詞方面:
1 what 與who比較
相同點(diǎn)：二者都可以作疑問(wèn)代詞，用來(lái)指人。
不同點(diǎn)：what指職業(yè)，身份或地位。 —What was her husband？ —He was a lawyer。
Who問(wèn)的是姓名，或人與人之間的關(guān)系。
—Who was her husband ？—He was John Smith，the son of a farmer。
【難點(diǎn)解析】：① 對(duì)有一定范圍的人或物提問(wèn)用which . 例如： Which of the five books do you like ?
②對(duì)沒(méi)有范圍的物提問(wèn)用what 例如：what do you like ？
③ 對(duì)沒(méi)有范圍的人提問(wèn)用who. 例如：who went there the other day？
2 what與which 比較
相同點(diǎn)：二者都可以用作形容詞性的疑問(wèn)代詞。
不同點(diǎn)：what作“什么樣的”，具有泛指的意思，用于未知情況的疑問(wèn)，范圍不確定，其后不能跟of短語(yǔ)。
What fruit do you like best？
What people were they talking with last night？
Which作“哪一個(gè)，哪樣的，哪些”具有特指的意思，用于已知情況的選擇，范圍確定。其后可跟of短語(yǔ)。
Which do you like better，oranges or apples？你比較喜歡蘋(píng)果還是橘子？
Which of you would like to go to that island？你們中誰(shuí)樂(lè)意去那個(gè)島
3 which﹢名詞/代詞 與what﹢名詞/代詞 的用法
相同點(diǎn)：二者都是形容詞，用作定語(yǔ)，所其的作用是相同的。
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