條件狀語(yǔ)的測(cè)試與備考指南
條件狀語(yǔ)的測(cè)試與備考指南河南省商水第一高級(jí)中學(xué)教學(xué)與備考研究室
王祥玉
郵編:466100 E-mail:ssygwxy@yahoo.com.cn
“條件”表達(dá)法是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)重要的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,也是高考測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),為使同學(xué)們更好的復(fù)習(xí)和運(yùn)用,減少失誤,現(xiàn)就其相關(guān)知識(shí)與考點(diǎn)作如下歸納分析:
條件即一個(gè)動(dòng)作或一種情況發(fā)生存在的前提,有真實(shí)條件和非真實(shí)之分。簡(jiǎn)述如下:
一 從句
常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件從句的連詞有:if,unless,even if ,in case ,as long as,so long as,so far as ,
On condition that,
1 考查in case 引導(dǎo)條件句的用法
[NMET2000] I don’t think I’ll need any money but I ‘ll bring some_____.
A at last B in case C once again D in time
【解析】本題考查in case 引導(dǎo)條件句的用法,答案為: B ..in case引導(dǎo)條件句,其意為“假使;以防(萬(wàn)一)”。其位置較為靈活,可置于句首或句尾 。其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái),但也可用“should﹢動(dòng)詞原形”。
例如:Be quiet in case you should wake the baby
【測(cè)試演練】(2000春季京皖卷)(答案: C)
John may phone tonight。I don’t want to go out____he phones.
A as long as B in order that C in case D so that
2考查if 引導(dǎo)條件句的用法
[NMET2000] The WTO can’t live up to its name____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind
A as long as B while C if D even though
【解析】本題考查If 引導(dǎo)條件句的用法,答案為: C. 在if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中,應(yīng)注意 時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)性,一般來(lái)說(shuō),if引導(dǎo)的條件句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)而主句常用一般將來(lái)時(shí),祈使句或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般式.
【測(cè)試演練】(MET1992) (A)
If city noises ___ from increasing, people ____ shouted to be heard even at the dinner table
20 years from now .
A are not kept ;will have to B are not kept ; have to
C do not keep ;will have to D do not keep; have to
3 考查unless 引導(dǎo)條件句的用法
[NMET1992] You will be late ___you leave immediately.
A unless B until C if D or
【解析】答案:A 。unless 引導(dǎo)的從句,意義為“除非,如果不”相當(dāng)于“if….not”
4考查if 引導(dǎo)省略條件句的用法
[上海高考卷1998] If ____the same attention again, he is sure to get well
A giving B give C given D being given
【解析】答案:C .在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致,且從句中有系動(dòng)詞be,可以將從句主語(yǔ)及be 省去,構(gòu)成省略.
5考查if省略的條件句的用法
[上海高考卷1994] it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
A Were B Should C Would D Will
【解析】答案:B .本題屬于虛擬語(yǔ)氣倒裝形式.若省略if可將were,( had ,should )提到句首
變?yōu)榈寡b形式。
If I were at school again,I would study harder
→Were I at school again,I would study harder
If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus。
→Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)解析】若省略的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí),不能用動(dòng)詞縮寫(xiě)形式。
誤:Weren’t it for the expense ,I would go abroad now
正;Were it not for the expense ,I would go abroad now
二 分句
1考查“祈使句﹢and / or/or else / otherwise﹢簡(jiǎn)單句”祈使句表示條件,簡(jiǎn)單句表示結(jié)果,但表達(dá)的意義比if 從句更為緊迫。
[NMET1998]_____it with me and I’ll see what I can do
A when left B leaving C if you leave D leave
【解析】答案:D ,
【測(cè)試演練】(上海高考卷1998)
One more week, ____we will accomplish the task
A or B so that C and D if
【解析】答案:C.
2 由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞引導(dǎo)的分句表示虛擬條件
I was very busy today。Otherwise(=if I had not been very busy that day),
I would have taken part in the discussion 今天我很忙,否則,我會(huì)參加那次議論的
He would have given you more help,but he was busy。
3 有些諺語(yǔ)中的省略句雖沒(méi)有表示條件的連詞,也可表示條件。
Easy come, easy go .(=If money comes easily, it will go easily)
First come, first served (=If one comes first ,he will be served first)
三 名詞詞組
其作用相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句
One step further, and you are lost.(=If you take one step further,you will be lost)
Another sound from me, and the snake might s