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2009年考研英語(yǔ)完形填空高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)策略
考研完形，大家都非常熟悉的題型，但在這一部分，真正得高分同學(xué)非常少，因?yàn)樗浅ｋy。難就難在我們大家必須要掌握雄厚的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)實(shí)力和理解上下文語(yǔ)句的邏輯推理和分析能力。要想在你原有的基礎(chǔ)上再拔高幾分，就必須注意以下四點(diǎn)：
一、以提高實(shí)力為核心
從完形填空所涉及的范圍來(lái)看，它是考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，主要是語(yǔ)法和詞匯的運(yùn)用能力，可以歸納為以下三大考點(diǎn)：
1. 語(yǔ)法(占20% - 30%左右)
2. 固定習(xí)語(yǔ)(占10%左右)
3. 詞匯的辨析和使用(占60% -70%左右)
由此可見，只要你詞匯和詞組過(guò)關(guān)，不可能不會(huì)得高分的。實(shí)力提上去了，不僅可以提高完形的得分率，更重要的是對(duì)閱讀、翻譯也有極大的提高。所以大家要對(duì)我們的單詞或詞組要非常熟悉，建議大家把詞匯和詞組在考前幾天反復(fù)快速翻看3-5遍，這樣對(duì)所有的詞匯你才有個(gè)非常深的印象，當(dāng)然，你也可以用一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法去記，比如，大家可以把長(zhǎng)的像的單詞放到一起去記憶：affect 和 effect 、 effective 和 efficient 、range 和 rank 、discreet 和discrete 、 sheer 和 shear 、 late, lately, latest, later 和 latter 、live, alive, lively 和living、intense 和 intensive等等。
還有一項(xiàng)實(shí)力的體現(xiàn)，那就是完形文章中常見的邏輯關(guān)系詞的掌握。把握和理解完形文章中上下句的邏輯關(guān)系是完形文章閱讀所要求的一個(gè)重要能力，因此，我們根據(jù)歷年的完形真題總結(jié)完型文章中上下句之間比較常見的幾種邏輯關(guān)系，這些邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞也要大家好好記�。�
1.因果關(guān)系
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, consequently, accordingly
2. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately
3. 讓步關(guān)系
although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of
4.并列關(guān)系
and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say
5. 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系
then, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more
除了以上常見的5種邏輯關(guān)系之外，比較常見的還有時(shí)間關(guān)系和條件關(guān)系。
二、“大胸懷，大結(jié)構(gòu)” 直擊真題
從完型填空的命題形式來(lái)看，需要考生完成的20個(gè)填空不是孤立存在的，而是處在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。從這個(gè)角度，完型文章實(shí)際上是由兩部分信息構(gòu)成：一是已知信息，二是未知信息。做完形就是一個(gè)從已知信息中找出未知信息的過(guò)程。解出一個(gè)具體完形填空的關(guān)鍵是要找出與這個(gè)填空相關(guān)聯(lián)的所有已知信息(線索)。我們很多同學(xué)就會(huì)盯著這個(gè)空前后去找已知信息，目光短淺，所以有幾道題目總是很難做對(duì)，因?yàn)閮H在空前后是很難找到我們做題所需要的已知信息。這些已知信息不僅可以分布在空前后，而且可以分布在各段落中，也可以分布在整篇文章中。
(1)分布在空前后的句子中；
例：2000年考研的44題:" as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements ."
(A) replace (B) purchase (C) supplement (D) dispose
選擇A，根據(jù)sell 和old這兩個(gè)信息詞就可以選擇出。
(2)分布在本段落之中；
例：2002年考研的21題: Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened________. As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.?
［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later
選擇A, 根據(jù)本段的幾個(gè)時(shí)間關(guān)系詞，就可以非常容易地判斷出選什么詞。
(3)已知信息分布在整個(gè)全文中。
所以，我們大家做完形填空題的大忌是 "只見樹木，不見森林"，而是要"前后比較，瞻前顧后"地去看，要用“大胸懷，大結(jié)構(gòu)”去做題。
三、把握完形文章兩大特點(diǎn)
考研英語(yǔ)的完型文章是典型的可以從整體上把握的文章，所以從歷年的真題來(lái)看，考研英語(yǔ)的完型文章有著以下兩個(gè)明顯的特點(diǎn)：
1. 完型文章一般都有鮮明的主題。
2. 完型文章往往采用總分對(duì)照結(jié)構(gòu)。
總分對(duì)照結(jié)構(gòu)不僅可以在整篇文章中運(yùn)用，也可以在各分段落或者句子中適用。
例：1999年考研英語(yǔ):
"Successful safety programs may(45 differ)greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by (46 observing)rules or regulations. (47 Still) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained."
這個(gè)段落就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的總分對(duì)照結(jié)構(gòu)：第一句話與后面的句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形成總分對(duì)照結(jié)構(gòu)。
四、八大完形解題技巧
1、排除法。把一些無(wú)關(guān)詞排除。
例：2001年考研第35題"bill that will propose making payments to witnesses(34 illegal)and will strictly control the amount of?35?that can be given to a case"
［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity
本題選A， 根據(jù)重點(diǎn)詞control, 國(guó)家要嚴(yán)格控制什么啊，就可以排除BCD。
2、總分對(duì)照結(jié)構(gòu)法。
例：1995年考研的43題"Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. (41 Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43______."
(A) subtle (B)obvious (C)mysterious (D)doubtful
本題選C， 根據(jù)劃線部分的句子就可得知答案。
3、平行對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)法。
例：1999年完型42題"Companies (41with) low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active."
［A］alive ［B］vivid ［C］mobile ［D］diverse
本題選A，根據(jù)劃線部分中的and和active就能選出正確答案。
例：1996年完型第45題"Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements- usually carbon, hydrogen , oxygen , and 45________ nitrogen."
(A) mostly (B) partially (C) sometimes (D) rarely
選擇C，注意and前后要保持一致。與usually 保持一致。
4. 時(shí)間定位法。
例如：1998年完型46題"But they insisted that its(指工業(yè)革命) 43______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46_____ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity."
43. A) momentary B) prompt C) instant D)immediate
答案選D，大家把幾個(gè)時(shí)間劃出來(lái)就能選出答案了。
例：2002年完型30題"It is generally recognized, ( 29 however ) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30_____ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process"
［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized
本題選B，把年份劃出來(lái)就可以明顯的知道了。
5. 選與作者主題態(tài)度相關(guān)的詞。
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population.__1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can't possibly _____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.
第一話大家要看懂，為了幫助the homeless, 所以選項(xiàng)必須全部支持這個(gè)主題，選于主題態(tài)度相關(guān)的詞。
6. 詞匯重現(xiàn)原則。如果選項(xiàng)中的選項(xiàng)能夠在原文中找出，那此選項(xiàng)為優(yōu)先選項(xiàng)，放到空處前后理解一下。
7、處理選項(xiàng)。如果后面選項(xiàng)中的2個(gè)或3個(gè)選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)的像或是反義詞，或是近義詞，那么在這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中很可能有一個(gè)是正確的，其它兩個(gè)可以先排除。
8、完形下下策。下下策指的是這道題目真的是看不懂，做不出，你可以憑感覺就優(yōu)選一個(gè)答案。�？嘉逍羌�(jí)詞可能經(jīng)常選為答案，比如extent available means however but 經(jīng)常選為答案。
我們同學(xué)要以提高基礎(chǔ)實(shí)力為核心，注重把握一些考試技巧，把上
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