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考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(26)
Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English。
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”， for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English。
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”， has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft。
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper。
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one。
36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms。
[B] is but all too natural in language development。
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture。
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s。
37. The word “talking” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) denotes
[A] modesty. [B]personality. [C]liveliness. [D]informality。
38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English。
[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining。
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas。
39. The deion of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s
[A] interest in their language. [B] appreciation of their efforts。
[C] admiration for their memory. [D]contempt for their old-fashionedness。
40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as
[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”。
[B] “radical ”is to “conservative”。
[C] “functional ” is to “artistic”。
[D] “humble” is to “noble”。
名師解析
36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English
根據(jù)麥克沃特所言， 正式英語(yǔ)的衰退
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms. 在激進(jìn)的教育改革中是不可避免的。
[B] is but all too natural in language development. 在語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展中實(shí)屬自然。
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture. 造成了對(duì)反文化潮流的爭(zhēng)議。
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s. 帶來(lái)了20世紀(jì)60年代公眾態(tài)度的變化。
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 第二段的第二句中作者提到麥克沃特，諸如“he sees gradual disappearance of ‘whom’, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English，”就是要求考生能夠理解出正式英語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展中衰退的自然性。選項(xiàng)[A]中提到的激進(jìn)的教育在文章的最后一段中可以找到“Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful�！边@句話(huà)具有很強(qiáng)的干擾，主要是因?yàn)橐恍┛忌矚g直接閱讀，而不是先看題目，看到后面反而重點(diǎn)不夠突出，似是而非。出題人常用的一個(gè)方法就是將一些文章中出現(xiàn)但是實(shí)際上沒(méi)有必然聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容揉雜在一起，起到很大的干擾。其實(shí)文章中根本沒(méi)有提到二者有什么關(guān)系，只是順帶說(shuō)他沒(méi)有提議用激進(jìn)的教育來(lái)改變正式英語(yǔ)衰退的趨勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)[C]說(shuō)對(duì)反文化有爭(zhēng)議，從文中可以看出，將正式英語(yǔ)的衰退歸咎于反文化并不會(huì)引起什么爭(zhēng)議，沒(méi)有人會(huì)認(rèn)為反文化使得正式英語(yǔ)得到了發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)[D]說(shuō)正式英語(yǔ)的衰退導(dǎo)致公眾態(tài)度的變化，這樣的說(shuō)法屬于典型的因果倒置。出題人意圖利用考生臨場(chǎng)考試時(shí)不穩(wěn)定的心理狀態(tài)來(lái)干擾考生，看其能否正確理解文章的大意。如果考生不能夠養(yǎng)成良好的考試習(xí)慣，往往會(huì)花費(fèi)很多額外的時(shí)間，因?yàn)楹芏鄷r(shí)候，我們只需要知道正確答案是什么，而無(wú)需知道也沒(méi)有時(shí)間來(lái)分析其他選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在哪里。
37. The word“talking”(Line 6, Paragraph3) denotes “talking”(第三段第六行)一詞表示
[A] modesty. 謙虛。 [B] personality. 個(gè)性。
[C] liveliness. 活潑。 [D] informality. 非正式。
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 語(yǔ)義題。
【分析】 考生必須利用上下文推測(cè)單詞意思，在原文中首先找到這句話(huà)，然后仔細(xì)研讀，最后才能夠體會(huì)出這個(gè)單詞的意思。第三段首先提到“做我們自己的事情”的結(jié)果是規(guī)范的演講、作品、詩(shī)歌和音樂(lè)的死亡。然后提到在20世紀(jì)60年代以前那些受過(guò)一般教育的人在寫(xiě)作時(shí)都用比較高雅的語(yǔ)氣，最后又說(shuō)那些被認(rèn)為是最重要的作品都試圖表現(xiàn)出口語(yǔ)的特色，“talking”戰(zhàn)勝了演講，即興戰(zhàn)勝了技巧。而口語(yǔ)化的特點(diǎn)就是非正式。
38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree?
下列哪一種說(shuō)法麥克沃特最有可能會(huì)同意？
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。
邏輯思維并不必然與我們說(shuō)話(huà)的方式相關(guān)。
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English。
黑人所使用的英語(yǔ)可能比正式英語(yǔ)更有表現(xiàn)力。
[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining。
人類(lèi)的各種各樣非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語(yǔ)言一樣有趣。
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas。
在英語(yǔ)的各種變體中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)最能表達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想。
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 在第四段第四句話(huà)中，我們可以看到，麥克沃特認(rèn)為所有人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言，包括黑人的非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)，都具有很強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)力。[B]選項(xiàng)中提到黑人使用的英語(yǔ)，但是說(shuō)這種英語(yǔ)比正式英語(yǔ)更具有表現(xiàn)力是顯然夸大了范圍。[D]選項(xiàng)認(rèn)為正式英語(yǔ)最能夠表達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想，也犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。緊接著作者提到麥克沃特不認(rèn)為因?yàn)槲覀儾荒芎芎玫卣f(shuō)話(huà)我們就不能正確地進(jìn)行思考。這句話(huà)正好應(yīng)了[A]選項(xiàng)，即正確的邏輯思維不一定與我們說(shuō)話(huà)的方式有關(guān)。因此選項(xiàng)[A]是正確的。[C]的說(shuō)法與原文完全不符合。
39. The deion of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s
就俄羅斯人喜歡記憶詩(shī)歌的描述顯示出作者
[A] interest in their language. 對(duì)他們的語(yǔ)言感興趣。
[B] appreciation of their efforts. 欣賞他們的努力。
[C] admiration for their memory. 對(duì)他們記憶力的仰慕。
[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness.
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