歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題長(zhǎng)難句解析
1. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.【譯文】這不是曇花一現(xiàn)。在過(guò)去幾年里，英國(guó)和美國(guó)的通貨膨脹率始終低于預(yù)測(cè)水平。
【析句】這是一個(gè)并列句，前后用分號(hào)隔開(kāi)兩個(gè)子句，是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。在第一句中，no可以用not a代替。在后一個(gè)句子中，inflation是主語(yǔ)，lower是謂語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)， than expected和in Britain and America，以及前面的over the past couple of years都是介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。
【講詞】a flash in the pan意為"曇花一現(xiàn)的人或事"。Many people believe that the young singer is a flash in the pan.(許多人認(rèn)為那位歌手紅不了多久。) When I first heard the news,I too dismissed it as a flash in the pan.(我一開(kāi)始聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，也認(rèn)為這事長(zhǎng)不了。)
2. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States,since conventional measures suggest that both economies,and especially America's,have little productive slack.
【譯文】經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對(duì)英美兩國(guó)有利的通脹率感到特別詫異，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的計(jì)量方法表明兩國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，特別是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)幾乎沒(méi)有生產(chǎn)蕭條的時(shí)候。
【析句】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句的主干是Economists have been particularly surprised。在表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句中，其賓語(yǔ)從句中especially America's economy是 both economies的同位語(yǔ)。
【講詞】 conventional意為"普通的，常規(guī)的"。a conventional church wedding(傳統(tǒng)的教堂式婚禮)，conventional symbols(常用的象征)，a conventional form of address(稱(chēng)呼的慣用形式)，conventional weapons(常規(guī)武器)。
slack可以作形容詞、副詞、名詞和動(dòng)詞，其基本意思是"松懈;松弛;減弱"。a slack rope(一根未繃緊的繩子)，slack muscles(松弛的肌肉)，a slack worker(粗心大意的工人)。
3. The most thrilling explanation is,unfortunately,a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
【譯文】可惜的是，這最令人震驚的解釋也有缺陷。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)有力的變化已經(jīng)****了那個(gè)以經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和通貨膨脹的歷史關(guān)聯(lián)為基礎(chǔ)的舊的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。
【析句】第一個(gè)句子相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單。第二個(gè)句子的主干是Some economists argue，賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)從句，而從句的賓語(yǔ)又跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句(that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation)，修飾the old economic models。
【講詞】upend一詞由動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)end up衍生而來(lái)，意為“結(jié)束，****”。defective意為“有缺陷的;(智商或行為有)欠缺的”，或“有缺陷的人(物)”。 He is defective in moral sense.(他不能分辨邪正。)His speech can only be described as defective.(他的演講很有不妥之處。)
4. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls,but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”
【譯文】 參議員羅伯特?多爾上星期質(zhì)問(wèn)時(shí)代華納公司高層人士時(shí)說(shuō)：“難道這就是你們要成就的事業(yè)嗎?你們已經(jīng)出賣(mài)了自己的靈魂，難道你們還非要腐化我們的國(guó)家，威脅我們的孩子不成?”
【析句】 這是一個(gè)有直接引語(yǔ)的復(fù)雜句。首先抓住核心句Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week，其前后是直接引語(yǔ)。這個(gè)直接引語(yǔ)的前半部分是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，后面由兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的句子構(gòu)成，由連詞but連接。第二個(gè)分句中， but后面的句子是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must引導(dǎo)，包括由and這個(gè)連詞連接的兩個(gè)并列部分(corrupt our nation和threaten our children as well)。
【講詞】 corrupt意為“(使)****;腐爛;賄賂”，既可作動(dòng)詞也可作形容詞。He was sent to prison for trying to corrupt a tax official with money.(他因企圖向稅務(wù)官員行賄而被判入獄。)You are corrupted at heart.(你心術(shù)不正。)The text was corrupted by careless copyists.(原文因抄寫(xiě)員粗心而有訛誤。)
5. It's a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.
【譯文】這只是在不同時(shí)期涉及責(zé)任、創(chuàng)作自由和公司底線問(wèn)題的自我反省。
【析句】這是一個(gè)有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)雜句。主干為It is a self-examination，that后面引導(dǎo)的是限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾self?examination，定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)of詞組，跟著三個(gè)并列的名詞短語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾和限定issues。at various times是插入語(yǔ)，作句子的狀語(yǔ)。
【講詞】bottom line意為“底價(jià);底線”。My bottom line is $3000.(我的底價(jià)是三千元。)The government's bottom line with regard to the trade issue has not changed.(政府關(guān)于貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端的底線并沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化。) corporate意為“公司的;社團(tuán)的;法人的;共同的”。They made a corporate effort to finish the job.(他們通過(guò)集體的共同努力完成這項(xiàng)工作。)corporate responsibility(共同責(zé)任或法人責(zé)任)。
6. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.
【譯文】 1992年時(shí)代華納公司因出品Ice-T樂(lè)隊(duì)狂暴的說(shuō)唱歌曲《警察殺手》后備受譴責(zé)時(shí)，萊文說(shuō)說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)只是街頭文化的合法表達(dá)方式，它應(yīng)該有自己的宣泄途徑。
【析句】 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，從句(when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer)表示時(shí)間;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which deserves an outlet修飾street culture。
【講詞】 under fire意為“受到攻擊;遭到抨擊”。The minister came under fire when the accident happened.(在事故發(fā)生后，那位部長(zhǎng)遭到了抨擊。) I was under fire when the board reviewed my proposal.(在董事會(huì)討論我的提案時(shí)，我遭到了批評(píng)。)
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