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考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí):考研英語(yǔ)完形填空抓住關(guān)鍵詞
考生在做英語(yǔ)完形填空題時(shí)應(yīng)有一個(gè)整體意識(shí)，對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總體把握。英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用是對(duì)運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力進(jìn)行綜合考查，其對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、詞匯運(yùn)用和語(yǔ)篇能力的考查是交織在一起的。
在解題時(shí)可以利用短文第一句和最后一句把握文章主題，找出答題線索。通過對(duì)近十年英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用短文首尾兩句話的分析與總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然只是短短的兩句，卻包含著非常豐富的信息。
文章開頭一句(有時(shí)是主題句，有時(shí)不是主題句)往往會(huì)或多或少地包含以下信息：
what→涉及的事件/事物及其狀況或特征
where→地點(diǎn)
when→時(shí)間
who→相關(guān)的人物
why→相關(guān)原因
how→有關(guān)的論點(diǎn)
下面是1999年～2008年研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試卷中使用過的短文的首句，我們把其中分別包含的信息整理如下：
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.(2009年 what，how)
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. (2008年 what，how);
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.(2007年 when,who, how);
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population.(2006年who ,how);
The human nose is an underrated tool.(2005年what,how);
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinguency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. (2004年what,how);
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. (2003年who，how);
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. (2002年what， how， when);
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West. (2001年who，what，how);
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. (2000年who，why，how);
Industrial safety does not just happen. (1999年what，how);
從第一句話，我們就能知道這篇短文大概要談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容。
我們?cè)賮砜纯催@十篇短文末尾一句的特點(diǎn)。作為全文最后一句，作者通常會(huì)把自己的觀點(diǎn)加以總結(jié)或強(qiáng)化，構(gòu)成首尾呼應(yīng)。這樣一來，文章保持了一致和連貫，同時(shí)也為解題提供了依據(jù)。
尾句通常包含以下信息：
conclusion→結(jié)論
suggestion→建議或提示
summary→對(duì)全文的概括或總結(jié)
result→事件發(fā)展的結(jié)果
influence→事情的影響或后果
下面是歷年研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試卷中使用過的短文的最后一句：
_20 the results are inconclusive.(2009年influence)
His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.(2008年 condusion)
Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.(2007年 condusion)
As Edward Blotkowsk... puts it, "There has to be 20 of programs. What we need is a package deal."(2006年conclusion)
The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.(2005年 conclusion)
All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. (2004年 conclusion,summary)
38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. (2003年 suggestion)
And generalizations have proved difficult. (2002年conclusion )
Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts. (2001年 result)
Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. (2000年result，suggestion)
This may mean the difference between operating at 10 or at a loss. (1999年 influence，suggestion)
由此可見，抓住首尾兩句是對(duì)文章從語(yǔ)篇層面進(jìn)行總體把握的關(guān)鍵。
我們遇到一道考題，有時(shí)不能簡(jiǎn)單地說，它是考語(yǔ)法或是考詞匯的，往往需要我們運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法和詞匯兩方面的知識(shí)才能夠解答。因此，做好英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用題是建立在能夠熟練運(yùn)用、融會(huì)貫通語(yǔ)法、詞匯和語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)之上的。
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