2015考研英語閱讀 長難句結(jié)構(gòu)拆分技巧
一、從狀語等修飾語的角度出題
考研英語閱讀的文章句子一般較長，出題人往往只從句子當(dāng)中的某一個成分處設(shè)題，特別是定語成分和狀語成分。例如：
Still， Jefferson freed Hemings‘s children — though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington， who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War， overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier， such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.
40. Washington‘s decision to free slaves originated from his
[A] moral considerations.
[B] military experience.
[C] financial conditions.
[D] political stand.
【解析】題干問的是華盛頓給奴隸自由的決定是源于什么，也就是問原因，顯然我們需要找原因狀語的分。文中最后一段的“Washington， who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War， overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.”明確指出是因為：after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，華盛頓才做了這個決定，所以答案選[B]“軍事經(jīng)歷”。
二、對原句進(jìn)行同義詞替換
對原文句子中個別詞匯進(jìn)行同義詞替換，從而制造出同義答案，這是考研閱讀選項設(shè)置的常見手法。大家需要在做題的過程中不斷積累同意替換詞。
Genetically speaking， there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth， larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover， even though humans have been upright for millions of years， our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism，” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree？
[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.
[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.
[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.
[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
【解析】這個題目需要對選項進(jìn)行排除。文中第三句說：even though humans have been upright for millions of years， our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. 盡管人類已經(jīng)直立行走了很多年，我們的腳和背都在承受的直立行走的壓力，不能夠承受大型的肢體所帶來的持續(xù)壓力。由此可以推斷出，人類身高收到直立行走的限制，選項[B]中conditioned是對原文struggle with的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
三、對轉(zhuǎn)折或否定進(jìn)行正反替換
原文中用否定方式表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，選項中可能用肯定的'方式把同樣的意思表述出來。同樣，原文中用肯定方式所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，命題者在設(shè)定選項時可能用否定的方式來進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)述（如雙重否定句，或者一個否定形式加上另一個否定詞如never， none等）。
How things have changed！ In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.
54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.
[A] turning of the business cycle
[B] restructuring of industry
[C] improved business management
[D] success in education
【解析】答案出處顯然定位在第二句，“沒有幾個美國人將此僅僅歸因于美元貶值或商業(yè)周期變化這樣顯而易見的原因”。關(guān)鍵在“顯而易見”，說明“美元貶值或商業(yè)周期變化”是作者認(rèn)同的原因。原文用表示否定的詞“few”進(jìn)行表述，而選項則用了肯定方式表達(dá)了同一意思。
閱讀文章分析，是做好閱讀的基礎(chǔ)，必須做到精細(xì)到位！而研究選項設(shè)置則是我們提高閱讀應(yīng)試技巧的必要手段，所以請大家務(wù)必在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中多關(guān)注選項的設(shè)置方法，積累同義替換詞。大家可以從早年閱讀真題開始做起，慢慢積累學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗。考研，“貴在堅持”，你我共勉之！
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