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考研英語(yǔ):語(yǔ)法大全(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞-can,could)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞——can, could
can和could
can的詞義
表示體力或腦力方面的“能力”或客觀上的“可能”。如:
Can you ride a bike? Yes,I can.你能騎自行車(chē)嗎?是的,我能騎。
Can Mr. Smith use chopsticks? No,he can't .史密斯先生會(huì)用筷子嗎?不,他不會(huì)。
Most women here can read and write now.這里的多數(shù)婦女都能識(shí)字,也會(huì)寫(xiě)字。
In China even barren mountains can be turned into fertile fields.在中國(guó),荒山也能變成良田。
can用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)
在這種句子中,can常可意謂“可能”,表示猜測(cè)和推理。如:
It surely can't be six o'clock already?不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?
You can't be hungry so soon,Tom. You've just had lunch.頓姆,你不可能餓得這么快,你剛吃過(guò)午飯。
She cannot be so careless.她不可能這么粗心。
Where can he be?他會(huì)在什么地方呢?
What can he mean?他會(huì)是什么意思呢?
It surely can't be six o'clock already?不可能已經(jīng)是六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?
注一:can加動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也可表示“可能”。如:
What can he be doing all this time?他一直會(huì)是在干什么呢?
She cannot be playing ping-pong now.她現(xiàn)在不可能在打乒乓球。
注二:在日常會(huì)話中,can可代替may表示“允許”,may比較正式,如:
You can drop in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)串門(mén)。
Can I use your basin? of course,you can.我可以用你的臉盆嗎?——當(dāng)然可以。
You can have my seat,I'm going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。
Could
could是Call的過(guò)去式,表示與過(guò)去有關(guān)的1)能力和2)可能(在否定和疑問(wèn)句中)。如:
1)We were sure that he could do the work.我們肯定他能做這工作。
He was a farmhand. He could not afford to send his son to school.他是個(gè)雇農(nóng),他供不起兒子上學(xué)。
2)At that time we thought the Story could not be true.那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的事不可能是真的。
注: could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在,但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。如:
could you wait half an hour?請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎?
could you please ring up again at six?六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再來(lái)電話好嗎?
could we visit a kindergarten? I've been wanting to see one ever since I came to China.我們可以訪問(wèn)一個(gè)幼兒園嗎?我自從到中國(guó)來(lái)以后,一直想看一所幼兒園。
注二:表示過(guò)去的能力并已完成一具體動(dòng)作時(shí)須用were (was) able (to),不可用could.如:
I am glad we were able to catch the train.我很高興我們能趕上火車(chē)。但如未完成一具體動(dòng)作,則可用could not.如:
I am sorry we couldn't (或weren't able to) catch the train.我很遺憾我們沒(méi)有能趕上火車(chē)。
can的形式
can只有現(xiàn)在式can和過(guò)去式could兩種形式,能表示現(xiàn)在一般和過(guò)去一般兩種時(shí)態(tài),有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)(包括將來(lái))須用be able加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。如:
With their help, we shall be able to finish the work in a few days.有他們的協(xié)助,我們將會(huì)在幾天之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
They have not been able to come to Boston.他們沒(méi)有能到波斯頓來(lái)。
Mr. Johnson rang up just now to Say that he won't be able to come over this evening.約翰遜先生剛來(lái)電話,說(shuō)今天晚上他來(lái)不了。
can,could用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中
can (could)用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中后面跟動(dòng)詞原形的完成式時(shí),表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事件的“可能性”。而could較can更加表示說(shuō)話人的“不肯定的”語(yǔ)氣。如:
Can he have left already?他會(huì)是走了嗎?
Could she have forgotten my address?她會(huì)把我的地址忘記了嗎?
It couldn't have been henry. He has gone to the factory.不可能是亨利,他已經(jīng)去工廠了。
Surely she can not have arrived so early.他當(dāng)然不可能這么早到這里的。
注:could加動(dòng)詞的完成式時(shí),有時(shí)表示“過(guò)去可能完成但事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作”。如:
You could have done the work better.你本來(lái)可以做得更好些。(事實(shí)上你做得不那么好)
You could have got the early train.你本來(lái)可以搭上早班火車(chē)的。(事實(shí)上沒(méi)搭上)
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