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英語(yǔ)考研單詞整理筆記
英語(yǔ)考研單詞整理筆記1
1、allocate(vt)～sth to sb/sth assign sth for a special perpuse(為某目的)配給，分配某事物給某人
allocate funds to us for repair work撥出經(jīng)費(fèi)給我們做修理費(fèi)
◎ allocation(n)配給，分配，撥出
★ apportion(vt)～sth among/to sb give sth as a share分配某事物，分派某事物
I don’t wish to apportion blame among you/to any of you。我不愿意怪罪大家。
◎ apportionment(n)分配，分派
2、brawl(n)大聲爭(zhēng)吵，打架
(vi)打鬧
gangs of youths brawling in the streets在街上打打鬧鬧的一幫青年
★ fight(vi)～against爭(zhēng)取克服、戰(zhàn)勝、摧毀或防止某事物
fight against poverty與貧困做斗爭(zhēng)
The two dogs are fighting over a bone。兩只小狗為一塊骨頭撕咬。
(vi)～about/over sth爭(zhēng)吵，爭(zhēng)論
It’s a trivial matter and not worth fighting about。區(qū)區(qū)小事不值得爭(zhēng)吵。
(詞組)fight back反擊，回?fù)�，抵�?/p>
After a disastrous first half the team fought back to level the match。該隊(duì)在上半場(chǎng)慘敗后重整旗鼓以求扳回平局。
(詞組)fight sb/sth off抵抗或擊退某人某事物
fighting off repeated enemy attack擊退敵人一次又一次的進(jìn)攻。
3、cynical(adj)憤世嫉俗的，自私的不為人所齒的，心中只有自己的爾爾。
They’ve grown rather cynical about democracy他們逐漸感到所謂民主制度也不過(guò)
★ sarcastic(adj)諷刺的，譏諷的，挖苦的
a sarcastic person好挖苦的人
◎ sarcasm(n)諷刺，挖苦
★ contemptuous(adj)鄙視的，表示輕蔑的
He threw it away with contemptuous gesture。他帶著不屑一顧的樣子把它扔了。
★ sneer(vi)～at sb/sth嘲笑，譏笑某人某事物
I resent the way he sneer at our efforts我們已十分努力而他還譏笑我們，我很反感。
4、embellish(vt)～sth with sth美化、裝飾或修飾某物;渲染、添枝加葉(使之更有趣，可笑)
a dress embellished with lace and ribbons有花邊和飾帶的連衣裙
He often embellishes the tales of his travels。他常給他的旅游趣聞添枝加葉。
◎ embellishment(n)裝飾、渲染、潤(rùn)色;裝飾之物
★ adorn(vt)～sth/sb/oneself with sth裝飾某物、某人、自己，裝點(diǎn)，佩戴，裝扮
The dancer was adorned with flowers跳舞的人戴著許多花。
5、gallant(adj)勇敢的，英勇的;華麗的，堂皇的
a gallant soldier勇敢的戰(zhàn)士
a gallant ship華麗的船
◎ gallantry(n)勇氣，勇敢，英勇
He won many hearts by his gallantry。他以殷勤熱情贏得芳心無(wú)數(shù)。
★ splendid(adj)華麗的，壯麗的，堂皇的.
a splendid house富麗堂皇的房子
6、immerse(vt)～sth in sth使某物浸于某液體中
immerse the plant in water把植物浸在水中
(vi)～oneself in sth使自己專(zhuān)心于，沉浸于
He immersed himself totally in his work。他埋頭于工作。
★ plunge(vi)使某物突然而猛力投入，穿入，進(jìn)入等;陷入;使某物突然前移或跌落
They plunged into the water他們跳進(jìn)了水中
The news plunged us in despair。我們聽(tīng)到那消息后就陷入了絕望。
7、ostentatious(adj)夸耀的，炫耀的，賣(mài)弄的
dress in a very ostentatious manner穿的非常顯眼
◎ ostentation(n)(對(duì)財(cái)富、知識(shí)、技巧等的)夸耀、炫耀、賣(mài)弄
Their daughter’s wedding reception was sheer ostentations他們女兒大辦婚事純
粹是為了炫耀。
★ showy(adj)炫耀的，顯示的
8、presentiment(n)預(yù)感(尤指不祥的)，兇兆
a presentiment of trouble ahead要出亂子的預(yù)感
★ foreboding(n)要有危險(xiǎn)或壞事的預(yù)感
She had a sinister foreboding that the plane would crash。她有個(gè)不祥的預(yù)感，飛機(jī)
要失事。
◎ forebode(v)預(yù)示(尤指壞事)
9、satiate(vt)(通常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))使某人充分滿(mǎn)足而不再需要某事物
She pushed her chair back from the table，satiated。她把椅子從餐桌處向后挪了挪，再也吃不下了。
★ surfeit(n)(通常做單數(shù))過(guò)度，過(guò)量(尤指飲食)
a surfeit of rich food is bad for you。多吃油膩食物對(duì)身體有害。
(vt)～sb/oneself with/on sth向某人/自己過(guò)多的提供某物(尤指食物)
10、undulate(vi)波動(dòng)，起伏，呈波浪形
wheat undulating in the breeze微風(fēng)中起伏的麥浪
◎ undulation(n)波動(dòng)，起伏
★ wave(vi)(指固定的物體)往復(fù)或上下擺動(dòng)
a flag waving in the breeze微風(fēng)中飄揚(yáng)的旗子
英語(yǔ)考研單詞整理筆記2
1、bicker(vi)～with sb over/about sth (為小事)爭(zhēng)吵
The children are always bickering over their toys孩子們常常為了玩具爭(zhēng)吵
★ wrangle(vi，n)～with sb about/over sth與某人為某事?tīng)?zhēng)吵或爭(zhēng)辯
They were involved in a long legal wrangle with the company over payment。他們與那家公司在付款問(wèn)題上陷入長(zhǎng)期的法律糾紛中。
2、contrive(vt)plan cleverly or deceitfully;invent;design謀劃或策劃某事，發(fā)明，設(shè)計(jì)
(vt)想盡辦法做某事
contrive to live on a small income靠微薄收入精打細(xì)算過(guò)日子
◎ contrived(adj)(貶)人為的，策劃的，虛假的，非自發(fā)的
a contrived incident intended to mislead the newspaper企圖蒙蔽報(bào)界的人為事
件。
★ hatch(vi)～out (指小鳥(niǎo)、小魚(yú))從卵里孵出
The hen hatches out her young by sitting on the eggs母雞伏在蛋上孵小雞。
(vt)～sth out/up策劃(陰謀)，擬定(計(jì)劃)
What mischief are those children hatching up?那些孩子在琢磨什么鬼花樣?
3、dazzle(vt)(通常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(因強(qiáng)光、閃爍等)使某人目眩，眼花繚亂
I was dazzled by his headlights。他的車(chē)頭燈照的我目眩。
(vt)使某人贊許，稱(chēng)奇
He was dazzled by her beauty and wit她的聰明美貌使他為之神魂顛倒。
★ glare(n)耀眼的光;怒視，惡狠狠的注視
(習(xí))in the glare of publicity經(jīng)常在報(bào)紙電視上的，受公眾矚目
(vi)～at sb/sth怒視，惡狠狠的盯視
He didn’t shout and swear，but just glared sliently at me。他不喊不罵，只是默默怒
視著我。
◎ glaring(adj)令人目眩的，耀眼的;生氣的，兇狠的.
4、fumble(vt)(笨拙的或緊張的)摸索或處理某事物
He fumbled the ball and then dropped it。他笨手笨腳的漏接了球。
(vi)～at/for/with sth笨手笨腳的尋找某物
She fumbled with her notes and began to speak她手忙腳亂的翻出講稿，然后開(kāi)始講
話(huà)
★ grope(vi)～about for/after sth摸索，探索
a tricky question which groping him for an answer。迫使他搜尋答案的棘手問(wèn)題
5、impair(vt)削弱或損害某事物
Today’s attack has seriously impaired attempts to achieve peace in the area。今日發(fā)動(dòng)的攻擊嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了在該地區(qū)謀求和平的努力。
★ damage(n)～to sth損失，損害，損毀; (復(fù)數(shù))損害賠償金
(v)損害，損壞
damage relations between two countries損害兩國(guó)的關(guān)系
6、mortify(vt)(通常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))使某人深感羞辱或難堪
He felt mortified他深感難堪
◎ mortifying(adj)使人丟臉的
◎ mortification(n)難堪
★ humiliate(vt)使某人感到羞恥或不光彩，使喪失尊嚴(yán)或自尊
He felt humiliated by her scornful remarks他聽(tīng)到她那些嘲諷的話(huà)而感到屈辱。
◎ humiliation(n)受辱
7、predominant(adj)有勢(shì)力的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的
Which country is the predominant member of the alliance?哪個(gè)國(guó)家在聯(lián)盟中居
于支配地位?
(adj)極其顯著的，盛行的
Her predominant character is honesty。她最為突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是誠(chéng)實(shí)。
★ outstanding(adj)杰出的，優(yōu)秀的，
(adj)(通常做定語(yǔ))地位顯著的，為人矚目的
The outstanding features of the landscape。景色的顯著特點(diǎn)。
8、sanitary(adj)清潔的，衛(wèi)生的，保健的
Conditions in the kitchen was not very sanitary。廚房環(huán)境不太衛(wèi)生
★ hygienic(adj)衛(wèi)生的，清潔的
hygienic conditions衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境
◎ hygiene(n)衛(wèi)生學(xué)
9、wallet(n)錢(qián)包、皮夾(尤指用于放紙幣、證件的)
★ purse(n)小錢(qián)袋，小錢(qián)包
10、warrant(n)～for sth授權(quán)命令
issue a warrant for sb’s arrest發(fā)出逮捕某人的逮捕狀
(n)(可得到貨、錢(qián)、服務(wù)的)憑證，證件
a travel warrant通行證
(n)～for sth/doing sth正當(dāng)理由，根據(jù)
He had no warrant for doing that他那樣做毫無(wú)道理
(vt)證明正當(dāng)、有理或恰當(dāng)
Nothing can warrant such severe punishment。這樣嚴(yán)厲de懲罰毫無(wú)依據(jù)。
★ assurance(n)自信，把握;保證，擔(dān)保
◎ assure(v)明確或有信心的告訴某人，向某人保證
可能做的都做到了。
They were assured that everything possible was done已經(jīng)向他們保證，凡是
樂(lè)于工作。
(v)～sb/oneself of sth使某人(自己)對(duì)某事物確信不疑或覺(jué)得肯定無(wú)誤
They tried to assure him of their willingness to work他們盡力使他相信他們
◎ assured(或者self-assured)(adj)自信的，有把握的
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