- 相關(guān)推薦
研發(fā)投入與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)
研發(fā)投入與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) ——總需求沖擊影響長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)機(jī)制探討* 摘 要:傳統(tǒng)的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)認(rèn)為,短期波動(dòng)不會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)造成影響。然而現(xiàn)實(shí)中,一些國家和地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)在遭受短期性沖擊后,卻長(zhǎng)期地陷入停滯或緩慢增長(zhǎng)的困境中。本文運(yùn)用動(dòng)態(tài)一般均衡模型,探討了總需求沖擊影響長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)可能機(jī)制?傂枨鬀_擊通過對(duì)研發(fā)投入和技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響作用于產(chǎn)出增長(zhǎng)率,從而改變經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)。通過計(jì)量分析本文對(duì)模型的結(jié)論予以了檢驗(yàn),并試圖提出新的啟示。關(guān)鍵詞:總需求沖擊、長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)、R&D投入、技術(shù)進(jìn)步 R&D Investment and Economic Growth ——An Inquiry on the Mechanism that Aggregate Demand Shock Affects Long-Run Growth Changsheng Xu Shuyang Sheng Abstract: Traditional macroeconomics believes that short-run fluctuation had no effect on the long-run economic growth. In fact, however, some countries and areas sank into long recessions or slow growth after suffering short-run shock. By constructing a dynamic general equilibrium model, this paper tries to inquire a possible mechanism that the short-run aggregate demand shock may affect the long-run growth. Aggregate demand shock has effect on the GDP growth rate through its influence on the R&D investment and technological progress, which will change the long-run economic growth path. Through the econometric analysis the paper tests the conclusion of the model and gives two proposals eventually. Key Words: Aggregate Demand Shock, Long-Run Growth, R&D Investment, Technological Progress. 一、引 言 經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)從來都充斥著無法預(yù)知的變數(shù)。從凱恩斯革命以來,宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們都一致假定,經(jīng)濟(jì)受到暫時(shí)性的需求沖擊后最終將恢復(fù)到原有的增長(zhǎng)軌道,短期波動(dòng)不會(huì)對(duì)長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)造成影響。 然而現(xiàn)實(shí)表明,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的軌道卻是不穩(wěn)定的。一些曾創(chuàng)造過舉世矚目的增長(zhǎng)奇跡的國家和地區(qū),遭受突發(fā)性沖擊后,經(jīng)濟(jì)步入衰退并長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地停滯在低增長(zhǎng)甚至負(fù)增長(zhǎng)的困境中,脫離了原先高速持久的增長(zhǎng)軌道。有例為證,巴西、阿根廷等拉美國家在90年代債務(wù)危機(jī)的沖擊下,經(jīng)濟(jì)一落千丈,連年衰退,徹底背離了20世紀(jì)60、70年代的高速增長(zhǎng)軌道。身為世界第二號(hào)經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國的日本,在泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)破滅后積重難返,20世紀(jì)90年代以來長(zhǎng)期處于低迷狀態(tài),東南亞金融危機(jī)后更是雪上加霜,2001-2002年接連兩年出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng),始終無力走出衰退的陰影。東亞新興工業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)體創(chuàng)造了令人矚目的“東亞奇跡”,卻不敵1997年東南亞金融危機(jī)的沖擊,其后一波三折,復(fù)蘇乏力,四小龍國家中除韓國外都難以擺脫經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟的陰霾。 現(xiàn)實(shí)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的宏觀理論提出了挑戰(zhàn):可能并不存在與短期因素相獨(dú)立的長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)軌道。人為地排除短期沖擊的影響,研究穩(wěn)定的增長(zhǎng)路徑,將是缺乏解釋力的。 二、文獻(xiàn)綜述 傳統(tǒng)的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)將短期波動(dòng)和長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)一分為二,作為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的研究領(lǐng)域。早期的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)研究集中在周期波動(dòng)和穩(wěn)定政策等問題上。在正統(tǒng)凱恩斯主義者的眼中,經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)是一種非均衡現(xiàn)象。而形成于20世紀(jì)70年代的新古典宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),則在理性預(yù)期和持續(xù)市場(chǎng)出清的假定下,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)給予了均衡性解釋,繼承了現(xiàn)代貨幣主義者提出的貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)周期理論。 在經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)與短期波動(dòng)二分法的視角下,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家設(shè)想經(jīng)濟(jì)沿著索洛模型中所描述的平滑的長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)演進(jìn),而需求沖擊導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)圍繞趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行短期波動(dòng),從而將長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)從經(jīng)濟(jì)周期中分離出來。這[1] [2] [3] [4]
【研發(fā)投入與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)】相關(guān)文章:
資本投入下經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模型的動(dòng)態(tài)分析04-28
于凌云:教育投入比與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)差異*04-30
我國科技投入與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)關(guān)聯(lián)的實(shí)證分析05-02
市場(chǎng)·消費(fèi)·經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)04-28
環(huán)境產(chǎn)權(quán)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)04-30
發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量05-02
我國制度變遷與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)04-26