資源流動(dòng)的環(huán)境效應(yīng)

摘要： 21世紀(jì),中國(guó)的人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)面臨著資源短缺和生態(tài)脆弱的限制.提高資源利用效率和消減資源利用引起的環(huán)境影響是學(xué)術(shù)界和決策者面臨的新課題.本文從資源流動(dòng)的視角研究資源利用過(guò)程及其引起的環(huán)境影響.我們把資源流動(dòng)過(guò)程分解為開(kāi)采、加工、轉(zhuǎn)化、消費(fèi)等幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),評(píng)價(jià)其資源利用效率和環(huán)境影響,并尋求改善的途徑.因其資源消耗量大、生態(tài)環(huán)境影響嚴(yán)重,我們選取了林木、煤炭及石油研究其資源與產(chǎn)品流動(dòng)及其環(huán)境影響.林木產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量、進(jìn)出口量和消費(fèi)量數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自中國(guó)森林統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒(1949-2001).煤炭、石油的開(kāi)采量、進(jìn)出口量和消費(fèi)量來(lái)自中國(guó)能源統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒(1980-2006).研究表明:過(guò)去幾十年,中國(guó)的資源利用效率有所提高,資源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)逐步改善,但資源消費(fèi)總量居高不下,對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境構(gòu)成極大的壓力. Abstract： In the 21st century, China is facing some challenges, e.g. population growth, rapid economy development, resources limitation and environmental vulnerability. Resource-use efficiency and the environmental impacts associated with growing resource utilization is a new challenge for both scientists and politicians, especially. In this paper, the concepts of resources and resource products flow is presented in order to analyze the environmental impacts that occur as a result of the resource flow process. We focus on forest resources, coal products and oil flows as these the main resources and products that are produced continuous severe and increasing environmental pressure. The data for domestic yield and exploitation, importation, exportation, and consumption, for various industries come from China's forest statistical yearbooks for the period 1949 to 2001, and China's energy statistical yearbooks for 1980 to 2006. We divided the resources flow process into key stages, such as harvest,exploitation, process or conversion and end consumption. Resources efficiency and environmental performance for each stage were evaluated. This study showed: resource-use efficiency improved and the structure of resources consumption has been optimized markedly in the past decades in China. However,the absolute quantities of resources consumption are still increasing, and the environment pressures originating from resource use became more severe. 作 者： 成升魁    徐增讓    蘇筠    劉曉潔    沈鐳    謝高地    甄霖    李曉娟    龍?chǎng)?  作者單位： 成升魁,徐增讓,劉曉潔,沈鐳,謝高地,甄霖,李曉娟,龍?chǎng)?中國(guó)科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所,北京,100101)

蘇筠(北京師范大學(xué)地理學(xué)與遙感科學(xué)學(xué)院,北京,100875) 

期 刊： 資源與生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)（英文版）    Journal： JOURNAL OF RESOURCES AND ECOLOGY  年，卷(期)： 2010, 1(1)  分類號(hào)： X3  關(guān)鍵詞： 資源流動(dòng)    環(huán)境效應(yīng)    林木資源    煤炭    石油    Keywords： resources flow    environmental impacts    forest    coal    raw oil   

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