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英美文學(xué)選讀試卷分析
英美文學(xué)選讀考題分析(轉(zhuǎn)貼)
在自考的全部專業(yè)中,英語(yǔ)本科的淘汰率一直高居“榜首”,同時(shí)《英美文學(xué)選讀》又是整個(gè)本科專業(yè)的瓶頸課程。我們隨機(jī)抽取了兩刀(40本)試卷進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),發(fā)現(xiàn)該門課程的通過(guò)率大致在12%左右,可能是自考全部課程最低的。絕大部分成績(jī)徘徊在40分到58分之間,大約占了44.7%。我們批改到的最高分大約是82分,成績(jī)相當(dāng)出色!
一、試卷構(gòu)成
《英美文學(xué)選讀》全國(guó)卷由四部分組成:第一部分是40分的選擇題,每題1分,覆蓋面十分廣泛。從以往幾次試卷來(lái)看,該部分主要考核英美文學(xué)史,也包括少量選讀中的內(nèi)容,多屬于常識(shí)性知識(shí),例如今年14題要求辨別If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?的作者;2001年11題要求辨別It was a miracle of rare device, A sunny pleasure done with caves of ice.的作者和出處;還有每年必定會(huì)有一題考核作品中出現(xiàn)的人物,例如2001年第8題是Sheridan’s The School for Scandal中的人物,今年28題是The Scarlet Letter的人物。由于內(nèi)容大多屬于大綱中的“識(shí)記”性知識(shí),不需要多少理解,因此正確率相應(yīng)比較高。但有時(shí)題目的切入點(diǎn)十分靈活比如2001年第6題,需要考生有較好的基本功。
第二部分是四道共16分的閱讀理解。考題內(nèi)容均取自選讀部分,一般是兩篇詩(shī)歌,兩篇小說(shuō),要求指出:A)作者和作品出處(1分) B)作品中具體某個(gè)詞或詞組的確切意義(1分) C)表述該選段的思想內(nèi)容(2分)?忌枰J(rèn)真研讀作品,和作品后面的注釋,平時(shí)做一些讀書筆記。
第三部分是四道共24分的簡(jiǎn)答題,內(nèi)容的跨越比較大,既有閱讀理解部分的延伸,也有某一時(shí)期的文學(xué)思潮,還有對(duì)某一斷代史的簡(jiǎn)論,答對(duì)率非常低。
第四部分是兩題共20分的問(wèn)答題。一般是某個(gè)重要作家或作品的特色以及對(duì)他們的評(píng)價(jià)。
二、試卷評(píng)析
文學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)(俗稱的名詞解釋)是基本的文學(xué)常識(shí),是對(duì)文學(xué)中共性問(wèn)題的抽象概括,因此對(duì)于這些術(shù)語(yǔ)不可等閑視之。盡管全國(guó)卷沒(méi)有單列的文學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)考核(省卷的題型可能不同),但是可能糅合在選擇題中和第三部分的簡(jiǎn)答中。比較重要的名詞解釋有:所有以-ism結(jié)尾的名詞,各個(gè)時(shí)期的文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng),heroic couplet, Gothic novel, Byronic hero, Lost Generation, dramatic monologue, stream of consciousness, metaphysical poets等等,考生可以自己總結(jié)。本套試卷中1),26),37)等題目就從不同側(cè)面考核了對(duì)術(shù)語(yǔ)的了解;其中第1)題考文學(xué)題材romance,對(duì)于這個(gè)題材我們要了解以下要點(diǎn):流行于中世紀(jì)歐洲各國(guó)popular literary form in the medieval period;講述騎士的英雄經(jīng)歷knightly adventures or other heroic deeds;題材往往是英雄救美的故事Romantic love is an important part of the plot.而形式是敘述性韻文narrative verse or prose(P3)。
第2)題答錯(cuò)的比較少,考生一般總會(huì)將Chaucer和The Canterbury Tales聯(lián)系起來(lái)。盡管教材中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)中古時(shí)期的文學(xué)選讀,但是這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的文學(xué)發(fā)展脈絡(luò)必須十分清晰,該題目早在2001年就出現(xiàn)過(guò)。另外的三部作品都是中世紀(jì)的重要作品,其中Piers Plowman的作者 William Langland是當(dāng)時(shí)十分具有現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的作家;Sir Gawain and the Green Knight是用英國(guó)北部方言書寫的,壓頭韻,作者至今是個(gè)謎 ; Confessio Amantis(《一個(gè)情人的懺悔》)的作者是John Gower。
4)題考核了莎士比亞Sonnet 18的主題思想,該十四行詩(shī)著重描寫友人的美貌,同時(shí)說(shuō)明詩(shī)歌能使人的美麗橫古常新,因此我們可以排除A,B和D。由于此首詩(shī)歌十分重要,我們需要補(bǔ)充幾個(gè)注釋:1)sometime: 在莎翁時(shí)代等于sometimes;2)fair from fair:第一個(gè)fair是beautiful thing,第二個(gè)fair等于抽象名詞beauty;3)最后一行的this指my poetry;life意immortality。
6)也是莎士比亞的作品,有許多人判斷錯(cuò)誤。本段的內(nèi)容并沒(méi)有什么難度,不需要上下文就可以判斷,其中第二行的Which相當(dāng)于Who, 這是莎翁英語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)不同的地方;最后一行的by理解為present。Bass的話只是在做陳述,而 Portia的回答才是關(guān)鍵,可以判斷出帶有“諷刺”意味。
7)的答案是B,錯(cuò)誤的考生比較多,關(guān)鍵是考生沒(méi)有熟悉這首詩(shī)歌!靶䦟W(xué)”派詩(shī)歌往往有“聲東擊西”的特點(diǎn),正如教材所述:It begins with a certain idea but ends in quite a contrary one(P66). The Sun Rising一詩(shī)分為三個(gè)部分,In Stanza 1 the lover addresses the sun directly, as a “busy old fool”, and asks why it bothers to shine in on him and his love, who will not be pressured by its time keeping. In Stanza 2, the poet uses hyperbolic extension to dispose of space and asks the sun to agree his love is better than all treasure. Stanza 3 extends the hyperbolic comparison even further to praise this lady ---“she is all States, and all Princes”.
8)菲爾丁在文學(xué)中的地位越來(lái)越重要,原因是近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外敘事學(xué)研究的進(jìn)一步深入。Fielding是一個(gè)時(shí)代的開始,在他之前英國(guó)文學(xué)的題材主要是按以下方式發(fā)展的:古民謠ballad, 傳奇文學(xué)romance, 敘事詩(shī)narrative poem, 散文essay和戲劇 play。一直到了十八世紀(jì),英國(guó)才出現(xiàn)“小說(shuō)”novel這一新的文學(xué)題材。對(duì)這一題材做出貢獻(xiàn)的有教材中的Daniel Defore, Henry Fielding以及Samuel Richardson,因此教材中注明菲爾丁是Father of the English Novel(p.121);同時(shí)比較重要的還有1)菲爾丁四部小說(shuō)的名稱以及大致的內(nèi)容2)comic epic in prose 3)the third person narration。
9)考核Swift的內(nèi)容,關(guān)于該作家可以提及的有:1)有關(guān)“風(fēng)格”的定義 proper words in proper places 2)作為諷刺名篇的A Modest Proposal 3)Gulliver’s Travels中的四個(gè)場(chǎng)景Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island和 Houyhnhnm;這四個(gè)場(chǎng)景不需要記憶,只需要識(shí)別,2001年試卷的6)題就考到了最后一個(gè)場(chǎng)景中的Yahoo。
12)Wordsworth在英國(guó)文學(xué)史中是一個(gè)舉足輕重的人物。首先,浪漫主義和古典主義的分水嶺就是他的那篇Lyrical Ballads,其次,在1800年的版本中,他發(fā)表了Prelude,闡述自己對(duì)詩(shī)歌的見(jiàn)解,吹響了浪漫主義的號(hào)角manifesto,其中他認(rèn)為詩(shī)歌是the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings ,which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity(P161)。教材的179頁(yè)的最后兩段就是他的文學(xué)主張,故該題的D是有悖于浪漫主義的。對(duì)于Wordsworth的四篇作品我們必須認(rèn)真研讀。浪漫主義詩(shī)人對(duì)“詩(shī)”的不同理解,以及nature和imagination在詩(shī)歌中的作用都是該時(shí)期的重點(diǎn)。
13)Keats的兩首顛峰之作 Ode to a Nightingale和Ode on a Grecian Urn要求考生非常熟悉,尤其是詩(shī)歌的主題思想(即下面15題)。濟(jì)慈摯愛(ài)一切自然和美的事物,曾說(shuō)過(guò):A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.而Beauty is truth, truth beauty.更是他的名chard Sheridan ,錯(cuò)誤的原因在于考生只留意試題中的since Shakespear而沒(méi)有考慮后面出現(xiàn)的social criticism,因?yàn)椤吧鐣?huì)批判”是在十九世紀(jì)末開始的,而非謝立丹的十八世紀(jì);C)Oscar Wilde雖然也是十九世紀(jì)的劇作家,但是他與“社會(huì)批判”還有一定的距離,許多人可能記得他的唯美主義名言art for art’s sake,因此可以排除他。正確的答案在教材的318頁(yè)。
22)Modernism現(xiàn)代主義是本教材的又一個(gè)重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,盡管作品通常比較晦澀難懂,但是現(xiàn)代主義的基本特色還是清晰的。首先,它的理論基礎(chǔ)是irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis;其次,主題和內(nèi)容是distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.這就是C的內(nèi)容;再次,現(xiàn)代派作家側(cè)重描寫個(gè)人的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)和主觀世界即concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective 也就是備選項(xiàng)A的內(nèi)容,其中A中的介詞over應(yīng)理解為“而非、不是”的意思。最后,現(xiàn)代派作品更加注重形式和技巧的革新,反對(duì)一切形式的理性主義,和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義徹底決裂;它們打破了傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)中的時(shí)空觀,強(qiáng)調(diào)psychic time;宣揚(yáng)屏棄一切文學(xué)的基本要素例如story, character, plot and chronological narration,因此他們的作品又被成為“反小說(shuō)”,“反詩(shī)歌”等,D)表達(dá)了這個(gè)意思。只有B是試題要求的答案。
25)題的答案在書的407頁(yè),文選部分的上方:Irving’s pervasive theme of nostalgia for the unrecoverable past is at once made unforgettable.和A的內(nèi)容相似。其中C、D可以馬上排除,因?yàn)榻滩?06頁(yè)已經(jīng)說(shuō)明:We seldom learn a moral lesson because he wants us amused and relaxed.有關(guān)Irving的內(nèi)容需要和英國(guó)文學(xué)中Marlowe的作品一同記憶。前者的兩部作品Rip Van Winkle和The Legend of Sleepy Hollow盡管被稱為Spanish Sketch Book,但是他的創(chuàng)作靈感來(lái)自于German legends,恰好和后者的戲劇Dr. Faustus一樣。
28)Nathaniel Hawthorne是近幾十年來(lái)美國(guó)文學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)之一,也是一個(gè)較有爭(zhēng)議的作家,愛(ài)默生曾說(shuō)他的小說(shuō)“一無(wú)用處”。然而該作家給我們提供了廣闊的研究空間,在以后的幾次考試中很有可能出成大題。教材中的以下內(nèi)容要注意:
霍桑特別關(guān)注人類的interior of the heart,他把現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中的許多問(wèn)題歸結(jié)為“人類的罪惡天性”,努力去探索人們心中“惡”便成了他作品的主題,他說(shuō)There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity.而“惡”的一個(gè)來(lái)源,按他的看法就是自作聰明的知識(shí)分子overreaching intellect(2001年試卷35題);他揭示的手段往往是寓言式的,使用多種象征手法,例如《紅字》A就有多種意義,而里面的Pearl就是該書最大的主題象征。
考生反映說(shuō),考題前三個(gè)人物Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth教材上沒(méi)有,屬于超綱內(nèi)容。但是考生只要記住Pearl就可以做出正確的推斷。
32)的答案在書500頁(yè)的頁(yè)端。對(duì)于這個(gè)作家我們必須擴(kuò)展起來(lái)。為了教學(xué)的方便,美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的三巨頭Howells, James 和Twain(見(jiàn)考題30)我們經(jīng)常相提并論,但是他們之間卻有許多不同(見(jiàn)書PP474-475),考生要自己整理成文。盡管其他兩位作家時(shí)常嘲諷歐洲風(fēng)情,但H.James卻是歐洲古老文明的崇拜和捍衛(wèi)者an admirer of ancient European civilization,原因是多方面的,一是他的家庭不同于其他作家,他的祖父是美國(guó)最富有的人之一,使James具有接受高等教育的可能;他的父親和歐洲的許多名流交往,特別是他的弟弟威廉更是著名的實(shí)用主義哲學(xué)家,提出了“意識(shí)流”理論,因此James的作品語(yǔ)言晦澀,對(duì)讀者的要求比較高,正如教材所述He is often highly refined and insightful.二是他經(jīng)常來(lái)往于新、舊兩個(gè)大陸,所以他的作品主題與其他作家不同:James’ fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with the international theme. These novels are always set against a larger international background, usually between Europe and America…(見(jiàn)書497頁(yè))。還有James同時(shí)也是一位批評(píng)家,著有The Art of Fiction一書,他對(duì)文學(xué)批評(píng)做出的貢獻(xiàn)有:1)forerunner of stream of consciousness 2)founder of psychological realism 3)point of view(請(qǐng)與Fielding的the third person narration結(jié)合記憶)。
34)Emily Dickinson和Whitman同是美國(guó)詩(shī)歌的兩座高峰,她的短詩(shī)集中體現(xiàn)了對(duì)death, nature, immortality, love和religion的思索(見(jiàn)2001年40題),而所有這些都是詩(shī)人個(gè)人的世界,沒(méi)有涉及更廣闊的范圍,因此D)War and peace是不對(duì)的。Dickinson的詩(shī)歌特點(diǎn):一、沒(méi)有標(biāo)題。二、多破折號(hào)(dashes)作為詩(shī)歌節(jié)奏的手段,多大寫字母(capital letters)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)。
第一部分的全部答案如下:
1) B 2)D 3)C 4)C 5)D 6)A 7)B 8)B
9) A 10)C 11)D 12)D 13)D 14)D 15)B 16)B
17)D 18)C 19)A 20)A 21)D 22)B 23)B 24)A
25)A 26)C 27)B 28)A 29)C 30)C 31)C 32)D
33)C 34)D 35)D 36)A 37)A 38)A 39)C 40)B
第二部分的答案如下:
41
A. John Galsworthy: The Man of Property
B. A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.
C. It presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife’s coldness. He can never know what is on his wife’s mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband’s possessiveness. Being unable to read his wife’s mind is as good as saying that he really can’t regard her as his property---this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.
42.
A. T.S.Eliot: The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock
B. The ends of cigarettes, meaning trivial things here.
C. Here, Prufrock’s inability to do anything against the society he is in it made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison. Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free. This image vividly shows Prufrock’s current predicament.
43
A. Wahington Irving : Rip Van Winkle
B. The social environment is changed
C. When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years, he finds that everything has
changed. All those old values are gone, and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society. One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change, improvement, and progress could subvert a stable society.
44
A. Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken
B. Many many years later.
C. The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads. But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in hislife. He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader: “Make good choice of your life.”
以上A,B各1分,C部分2分。
第三部分
45 A. Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and Spenser’s The Faerie Queene
B. It is usually concerned with moral, religious, political, symbolic or mythical ideas.
說(shuō)明:僅A點(diǎn)全對(duì)的就很少。不過(guò)有些考生答了Moby Dick, Scarlet Letter, Young Goodman Brown,Gulliver’s Travels都是正確的,但是Paradise Lost不屬于寓言。判斷寓言其中第一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看它是否有兩層意義:An allegory refers to a story or visual image with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning. In written form, allegory involves a continuous parallel between two levels of meaning.后一部分只要談到moral, religious, political就可以了。
46A. The French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johan Wolfgang von Goethe.
B. It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the
freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.” Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.
說(shuō)明:本題考核的內(nèi)容明顯超綱了,只有一位考生幾乎全對(duì),三位考生大致正確。教材中只提到了盧梭,而沒(méi)有歌德的內(nèi)容,從世界文學(xué)的范圍來(lái)看,提到浪漫主義,首先想到盧梭(1712-1778),在他的作品《新愛(ài)洛漪絲》中,對(duì)自然、情感和自我的頌揚(yáng),以及宣揚(yáng)的感情至上,都為19世紀(jì)的浪漫主義作家所繼承,因此是浪漫主義的先驅(qū)。緊接著德國(guó)的狂飆突進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)The Storm and Stress Movement為整個(gè)歐洲的浪漫主義開辟了道路,在這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)中起重要作用的是Goethe(1749-1832)和Schiller(1759-1805),而前者的作品就是著名的《少年維特之煩惱》。絕大部分考生都寫了Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron等,這些都是leading writers而不是great shapers of thought。
以上兩題A點(diǎn)2分,B點(diǎn)4分。
47
A. To Ahab, the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe, or perhaps both.
B. To Ishmael, the whale is an astonishing force, an immense power, which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful, but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe, for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.
C. As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God’s vengeance upon evil man. In general, the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object of profound curiosity for the reader.
說(shuō)明:一般來(lái)將考生只要按三點(diǎn)分別講述就可以了,不必像答案這么全面。但是許多同學(xué)只談了一個(gè)方面,是不夠的。
48
A. The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. It exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.
B. According to Emerson, it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.
C. He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.
說(shuō)明:以上兩題每點(diǎn)3分,最高不超過(guò)6分。
第四部分:49題
A. Neo-classicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. Pope’s An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit, and simplicity in language; Fielding’s Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instruction.
B. Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “ spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,” and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were(Wordsworth’s “ I Wandered as a Cloud,” or “The Solitary Reaper,” or Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”), the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.
C. In a word, Neo-classicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual’s mind(emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)
50題
A. Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850
Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it: One is an ignorant, uneducated Black slave named Jim and the other is a little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.
The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as much as he could, changes his mind, his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well.
During their journey,they experience a series of adventures: coming across two frauds, the “Duke” and the “King”, witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom’s coming to rescue.
B.The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom”: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft’s journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.
以上A、B各5分。需要注意的是答案僅是參考,考生無(wú)須完全按照答案要求,只要能夠有理有據(jù),自圓其說(shuō)就可以有高分。
三、 學(xué)習(xí)方法
經(jīng)過(guò)我們的教學(xué)觀察,《英美文學(xué)選讀》學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中暴露出來(lái)的問(wèn)題有:
1) 教材不便于自學(xué)。許多考生反映,如果沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)十分豐富的教師指導(dǎo),自學(xué)只能停留在教材的前30-40頁(yè),無(wú)法繼續(xù)下去。書中的古代詩(shī)歌占了相當(dāng)?shù)谋戎,然而古?shī)詞的注解太少,考生對(duì)中古英語(yǔ)的句法和詩(shī)歌的基本特征不了解(例如2000年41題涉及“格”和“音步”問(wèn)題),相當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯在一般詞
典上查不到,學(xué)生看不懂,甚至部分教師也不明白,例如The Faerie Queene中 Upon a great adventure he was bond(P16)中bond的意思不明確; Enforst to seeke some covert nigh at hand(P18)enforst字典上查不到。其實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)中前者相當(dāng)于bound,后者是 enforced的變體。莎士比亞的《威尼斯商人》有一句Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew/ Thou mak’st thy knife keen.(2000年19題),為什么答案說(shuō)是雙關(guān)的修辭手法?書上卻沒(méi)有答案!關(guān)鍵在于sole和soul諧音,前者是指在“鞋底”,后者說(shuō)是在“心頭”磨刀,暗指心比石頭還堅(jiān)硬。所有這些都對(duì)自考學(xué)生帶來(lái)了許多阻礙,尤其是偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的考生,他們一無(wú)參考資料,二無(wú)教師請(qǐng)教,苦難相當(dāng)大。
但是另一方面,考生的學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)思想還停留在大專的方式上,希望教材能提供一切,這是十分錯(cuò)誤的。本科段的大綱要求我們?cè)谶@個(gè)階段要培養(yǎng):具有從事科學(xué)研究的初步能力。也就是說(shuō)我們要善于自己發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題。我們要學(xué)會(huì)充分使用圖書館和各種工具書,我們列舉一些參考書供大家選擇:
1)陳嘉 《英國(guó)文學(xué)史》四冊(cè) 商務(wù)印書館
2) 陳嘉 《英國(guó)文學(xué)作品選讀》三冊(cè) 商務(wù)印書館
3) 楊豈深 《英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀》三冊(cè) 上海譯文出版社
4) 楊豈深 《美國(guó)文學(xué)選讀》三冊(cè) 上海譯文出版社
5) 裘克安 《莎士比亞注釋叢書》 商務(wù)印書館
6) 王佐良 《英國(guó)文學(xué)名篇選注》 商務(wù)印書館
7) 王佐良 《英國(guó)詩(shī)選》 上海譯文出版社
8) 辜正坤 《英文名篇鑒賞金庫(kù)詩(shī)歌卷》 天津人民出版社
9) 劉炳善 〈〈簡(jiǎn)明英國(guó)文學(xué)史〉〉 河南人民出版社
二、學(xué)校、考生的課程安排不科學(xué)。一些社會(huì)助學(xué)單位由于不了解英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的特點(diǎn),往往在課程的安排上簡(jiǎn)單地從開考計(jì)劃出發(fā),安排課程設(shè)置,例如在四月份的課程剛結(jié)束,就進(jìn)入《英美文學(xué)選讀》的學(xué)習(xí),希望在當(dāng)年的十月份進(jìn)行考試,學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間僅僅只有五個(gè)多月;還有相當(dāng)?shù)目忌菑钠渌麑I(yè)轉(zhuǎn)報(bào)的,英語(yǔ)的基本功薄弱,他們從本科的第一學(xué)期就開始學(xué)該門課程,固守著?频膶W(xué)習(xí)方式來(lái)看待本科的課程學(xué)習(xí),同樣是非常錯(cuò)誤的。
《英美文學(xué)選讀》屬于高年級(jí)課程。在全日制高校中,一般是三、四年級(jí)的兩年
時(shí)間里學(xué)完。對(duì)于自考生來(lái)將,我們建議大家先學(xué)《高級(jí)英語(yǔ)》,《英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)》和《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》,同時(shí)穿插其他的課程,例如《翻譯》、《寫作》和《英美文學(xué)選讀》,但是考試最好安排在稍后的時(shí)間,目的是讓考生先流利地掌握一些語(yǔ)言點(diǎn),這些內(nèi)容和基本功對(duì)文學(xué)的欣賞會(huì)起一定的促進(jìn)作用。
三、學(xué)習(xí)方法過(guò)于僵化。從第一部分的試卷構(gòu)成可以看出,復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候絕對(duì)不能搞什么單??的基礎(chǔ)上再研讀重點(diǎn)作家的作品。文學(xué)史的部分和選讀的部分同等重要,不可偏廢;考生可以先從“史”出發(fā),以點(diǎn)帶面,將作家串聯(lián)起來(lái)。當(dāng)教材進(jìn)入“浪漫主義時(shí)期”之后,英國(guó)文學(xué)可以美國(guó)文學(xué)齊頭并進(jìn),要求同學(xué)進(jìn)行橫向比較,例如要求同學(xué)自己整理英國(guó)浪漫主義和美國(guó)浪漫主義的“異”與“同”,美國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義和英國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義的聯(lián)系。如此一來(lái),學(xué)生產(chǎn)生了興趣,也牢固記憶了各時(shí)期的作家。培養(yǎng)在熟讀的基礎(chǔ)上打破時(shí)間的界限,進(jìn)行橫向和縱向的對(duì)比的能力,學(xué)會(huì)自己進(jìn)行羅列和總結(jié)。每一個(gè)時(shí)期的文學(xué)導(dǎo)言十分重要,也是考核的重點(diǎn)。
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