關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,that,which的用法

　　(1) 關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,that,which的用法

　　英語中的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,它們是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的.關(guān)系代詞既代表定語從句所修飾的詞,又在其所引導(dǎo)的從句中承擔(dān)一個(gè)成分,如主語、賓語、表語或定語.如：

　　This is the man who saved your son.

　　這就是救了你兒子的那個(gè)人.(who在從句中作主語,先行詞是man)

　　The man whom I met yesterday is Jim.

　　我昨天見到的那個(gè)人是吉姆.(whom在從句中作賓語,它的先行詞是man)

　　A child whose parents are dead is an orphan.

　　失去父母的孩子是孤兒.(whose在從句中作定語,它的先行詞是child)

　　He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.

　　他想要個(gè)窗戶面臨大海的房間.(whose在從句中作定語,它的先行詞是room)

　　[1] who,whom和whose

　　who和whom代表人,在從句中作主語時(shí)用who,作賓語時(shí)用whom,可省略.但若whom作介詞賓語且介詞放在其前時(shí),不能省略;如介詞位于句末時(shí),可以省略.whose代表某人的,在從句中作定語.如：

　　The man who insists upon seeing with perfect clearness before he decides,never decides.

　　堅(jiān)持看清楚一切后才做決定的人永遠(yuǎn)也做不了決定.(who作主語)

　　He is a man whom everybody respects.

　　他是一個(gè)人人都尊敬的人.(whom作賓語,可以省略)

　　He is a man fromwhom we all should learn.

　　他是我們大家都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的人.(whom作介詞賓語且介詞位于其前,不能省略)

　　(此句也可以是：He is a man (whom) we should all learn from.)

　　The people whose houses were damaged will be compensated.

　　房子被損壞了的人將給予補(bǔ)償.

　　Who,whom和whose可用于非限制性定語從句中,代表某人或某人的,此時(shí)不能用that.如：

　　My sister,who is a nurse,came home for a few days.

　　我姐姐回家住了幾天,她是個(gè)護(hù)士.

　　[2] which

　　which代表物,在從句中可作主語或賓語,作賓語時(shí)可以省略,但作介詞賓語且介詞位于其前時(shí)不能省略.如：

　　The book which helps you most are those which make you think most.

　　最能使你獲益的書是那些最能讓你深思的書.(作主語)

　　This is a factor which we must not neglect.

　　這是一個(gè)我們絕不能忽略的因素.(作賓語,可省略)

　　Where is the book from which you quoted this sentence?

　　你引用這句話的那本書在哪兒?(作介詞賓語且介詞位于其前時(shí),不能省略)

　　which可用于非限制性定語從句中,代表物.如：

　　The book,which I bought second-hand,is made of oak.

　　我買的這張書桌是用橡木做的,它是二手貨.