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高考英語省略句語法手記

學人智庫 時間:2018-02-08 我要投稿
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  這些是小編為大家搜集整理的高考英語省略句語法手記,歡迎閱讀。

  一。考綱要求

  按照考試大綱的要求,考生應掌握英語省略的一些基本原則,在行文中正確地使用省略。

  二。命題導向

  近年的高考試題主要考查定語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句、簡單句中和交際語境中的省略。

  三。復習要點

  1. 在并列句中,為了避免與第一個分句的相同內容重復,可采用省略謂語,而保留主語和表語或補足語等成分。例如:

  Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested。

  One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and the other white。

  在一些并列句中,由于前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了相同的主語,為了避免重復,后一個分句的主語也常常省略。例如:

  Coral is not a plant, but (it is) a variety of animal life。

  He came into the classroom, (he) sat down and (he) began to read。

  2. 在定語從句中,當先行詞在句中作賓語時,可省略關系代詞that/whom。例如:

  They talked about the things and people (that) they remembered。

  The doctor did everything (that) he could to save the patient.

  3. 賓語從句中的省略

  在含有動詞“命令(order, command), 建議(suggest, propose),要求(request, demand, require),堅持(insist)希望(desire)”等的名詞性從句中,謂語動詞通常用should+動詞原形,而且should可被省掉。例如:

  It is desired that this rule(should)be brought to the attention of the staff。

  They suggested that he (should) go on a summer camp。

  4. 在表示時間、條件、地點、讓步、方式或比較的狀語從句中,如果包含動詞be,從句中的主語與主句相同,或者從句的主語為it,就常常把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分(動詞be)省略掉,只保留連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞。例如:

  ⑴ 時間狀語從句

  Metals expand when (they are) heated and contract when (they are) cooled。

  While (he was) eating breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring

  ⑵ 條件狀語從句

  Send the goods if (they are) ready。

  (3) 地點狀語從句中

  Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary。

  (4) 讓步狀語從句中

  Though (he was) poor, he lived a happy life。

  (5) as, as if引導的方式狀語從句中

  As (it was) scheduled, they met on the New Year’s Day at the city of Zhengzhou.

  He opened his lips as if (he was) to say something。

  (6) 比較狀語從句中通常省略與前面相同的謂語部分。例如:

  She can hold her breath longer than I (can hold my breath)。

  He is not so busy as he was (busy) last year。

  (7)在表示虛擬條件的狀語從句中,把if省略,而將had, were, should 時,句子采用倒裝語序。例如:Had I known the news before hand, I would have told you。

  Should you need any help (=if you need any help), you can always phone me at the office。

  Were we to offer you the job, would you take it?

  5.動詞不定式的省略

  在上下文中,為了避免重復前面或后面出現(xiàn)的動詞和動詞短語,通常在一些包含有動詞不定式的結構中,將動詞不定式省略,只保留動詞不定式符號to。在下面幾種情況下只保留不定式符號to:

  (1)上文中出現(xiàn)了某一動詞,下文中含有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞如be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to 等+動詞原形結構,要省去動詞原形,只保留不定式符號to。例如:

  I can’t stand as much as I used to。

  (2)在上文中出現(xiàn)了某一動詞,下文中含有謂語動詞如 want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try 等+不定式作賓語結構,要省去動詞不定式,只保留不定式符號to。例如:

  Jack didn’t pass the driving test, but he still hope to。

  (3)上文中出現(xiàn)了某一動詞,下文中含有動詞如 ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow 等+動詞不定式做主補或賓補結構,要省去動詞不定式,而保留不定式符號to。例如:Mary wanted to use your new bike, but I asked her not to。

  (4)在對話中,上句話出現(xiàn)過某一動詞,答語中含有主語+系動詞+形容詞+動詞不定式結構中,在形容詞如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid 等后的動詞不定式要省去動詞原形,而保留不定式符號to。例如:—Will you come for a walk? —I’d love to。

  6.在交際英語中的答語中,往往只保留問句中所提問的部分。例如:

  —Why do you want the book so badly?

  —To study, sir。

  四。注意事項

  1. 在動詞不定式省略時,尤其要注意以下兩種情況:

  (1)復合句中的主句的主語部分含有實義動詞do時,作表語的動詞不定式?墒÷詣釉~不定式的符號to。例如:All I did was (to) give him a little push。

  (2) 在have no choice but to do sth。(別無選擇只好做某事)句型中,動詞不定式的符號to不能省略。而在其它情況下, 如果前面出現(xiàn)實義動詞do的某種形式如do/did /to do等,后面的動詞不定式常可省略動詞不定式的符號to。例如:Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.

  (3) 當動詞want, like用在連詞when, if, what, as等連接的從句時,其后的to也可被省略。例如:I’ve decided to do what I like。

  (4) 在口語中,為了避免重復,常用to代替動詞不定式,有時甚至可以省略to。例如:

  —Don’t make any mistakes in your homework, will you?

  —I'll try not to。

  五. 精典名題導解

  1. (2008安徽)—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?

  —Yes, _______, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city。

  A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible

  考點解析:狀語從句If it is possible和if it is necessary通常用省略為:If possible,If necessary, 因此最佳答案為D。

  2.(2008福建) —Who should be responsible for the accident?

  —The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _____。

  A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told

  考點解析:當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同時,從句可省略主語與助動詞,保留“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞”等形式。句意為:他們只是按照老板的吩咐做事。狀語從句as they were told 省略為as told,因此最佳答案為A。

  3. (2009年鄭州市畢業(yè)班第二次質量預測) You can go to the party with us if you 。

  A.want to B.want to do C.want it D.want to go

  考點解析:句意為:“如果你想和我們一起參加派對,你就去吧”。前句出現(xiàn)了動詞短語:go to the party with us, 因此在if引導的狀語從句中該動詞不定式短語被省略,只保留動詞不定式的符號to, 因此最佳答案為A。

  4. (2009年鄭州市畢業(yè)班第一次質量預測) It must be somebody’s, but I don’t know 。

  A.who B.which C.whose D.whom

  考點解析:句意為“這肯定是某人的,但是我不知道是誰的”,上句中的somebody’s 暗示應選“whose”, 其實是賓語從句whose (it is)的省略。因此最佳答案為C。

  5. (北京市東城區(qū)高中示范校2009屆高三質量檢測) In the earthquake, parents were willing to do they could their children。

  A.whatever; save B.whatever; to save

  C.what; saving D.what; to save

  考點解析:題干中第一空可填whatever,因could后省略了動詞do,第二空為動詞不定式作目的狀語,應填to save,因此最佳答案為A。