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高中英語語法主從復(fù)合句(2)
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下：
①when,while,as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句
▲as表示“當(dāng)……的時候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。
She came up as I was cooking.(同時)
The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時)
▲when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時候，又可表示在某一段時間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。
It was raining when we arrived.(指時間點(diǎn))
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時間內(nèi))
When we arrived there,the film had already begun.(先后發(fā)生)
▲while意思是“當(dāng)……的時候”或“在某一段時間里”。主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生，從句中的動詞一般要用延續(xù)性動詞。在when表示a period of time時，兩者可以互換。
Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading.
Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when，這里的while意思是“趁……”)
�、赽efore狀語從句的重點(diǎn)句型
▲……之后……才：It was a long time before I got to sleep .
▲不多久……就：It wasn’t long before he told me about the affair.
▲不等……就：Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
▲剛……就：He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.
▲先……再：You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.
�、踫ince 引導(dǎo)的從句用延續(xù)性動詞的過去式(包括過去完成時)，則從句的動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,從句意思是否定的。如果從句的動詞是延續(xù)性的用完成時態(tài)，從句意思是肯定的。
▲He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未來看我。(不在生病了)
▲He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未來看我。
▲I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.
自從他這里搬走，我就沒有收到他的信。(不住在這兒了)
▲I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我們附近以來，我對他很了解。
▲It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)
▲It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since he joined the army.
我入伍已三年了。
④如果與till與until從句使用的主句是肯定的，則主句中謂語要用延續(xù)性動詞如果與其使用的主句是否肯定的，則主句中謂語要用短暫性動詞。另till從句不可以置于句首，只有until從句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首時主句要倒裝。
2.原因狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：as(由于),because(因?yàn)?, since(既然),now (that) (既然), considering that(顧及到), seeing that(由于)。
I do it because I like it.因?yàn)槲蚁矚g我才干。(because不能與 so連用)
He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能見過我，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時我不在那兒。
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
由于好些人都沒到會，我們決定延期開會
Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.
既然大家都來了咱們就設(shè)法做一個決定吧
As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.
由于病了，她沒來參加晚會。
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做，他們干得算很不錯的了。
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下：
�、賐ecause語氣最強(qiáng)，用于回答why的提問，可與強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only,just 以及否定詞not 連用。但不可以與so連用。如You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.另外注意與not連用時否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。He didn’t do such a thing because he was afraid of his wife.他并不是因?yàn)榕滤钠拮硬抛鲞@樣的事。
Cf:He didn’t do such a thing,because he was afraid of his wife.因?yàn)榕缕拮�，他沒有做這樣的事。
because引導(dǎo)的從句可以被強(qiáng)調(diào)：
It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL
②as語氣較弱，since語氣也較弱，但比as正式一些,所說明的原因比較明顯或是已知的事實(shí)，多用于口語中，所以不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)。常置于句首。
As all the seats were full,he stood there.
Since you are going,I’ll go,too.
③for雖解釋為“因?yàn)椤钡皇且粋�并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的是并列句，不是原因狀語從句。
The day was short,for it was December.
3.地點(diǎn)狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。
Anywhere he went,he got warm welcome.
The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.
Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
哪兒有問題，你最好在哪兒做個記號。(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語從句)
4.結(jié)果狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：that，so…that，so that(從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞)，such…that，with the result that等。
注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：
�、賡o+adj/adv+that…
②such(a/an+adj)+n+that…
③so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that…
�、躶o many/much/few/little(少)+n+that…
注意以上結(jié)構(gòu)與定語從句so/such…as的區(qū)別。
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that/as everyone wants to see it/(it).
He didn’t plan his time well so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.
他沒把時間計(jì)劃好，結(jié)果沒按時完成這項(xiàng)工作。
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
我們走得匆忙，把門都忘了鎖了。
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒有。
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much
= Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much
Jenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她。
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。
I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.
我當(dāng)時囊中羞澀連一份小小禮物都買不起
5.目的狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：so that,in order that,for fear that等。目的狀語從句的謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might, should連用目的狀語從句的謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might, should連用。
(so that也可用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，但從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞)
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
早點(diǎn)兒放學(xué)是為了讓孩子們在暴風(fēng)雨到來之前回家。
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
他把名字寫下省得忘了。(該從句中一般用情態(tài)動詞should+動詞原形，或省略should)
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會冷。
注意：so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句只能放在主句之后，in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句可以放在主句之前或之后。
6.條件狀語從句
分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句(用在虛擬語氣中)。
表示條件的狀語從句可以由if(如果),unless(除非), in case(萬一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(條件是……)suppose(假設(shè))supposing(假設(shè))(僅用在問句中)
等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當(dāng)主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.萬一你有什么困難，請給我們一個信兒。
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.
如果你明早6點(diǎn)鐘走，你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個房間。
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.據(jù)我所知，他是一個DNA專家。
He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.
他會接受這項(xiàng)工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話。
Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?
假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們怎么辦?
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