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學(xué)生出國(guó)的目的和原因
Education is about developing the student. Overseas education is about developing the student. Thus, every part of the plan must be specific to the one student in question. The ‘why go,’ the reason, can be like many other people’s or it may be quite uncommon. The test is, ‘Does it fit this student particular situation, advance this student’s development, open doors for this student,’ etc.
Possible good reasons (among very many):
Has an interest that’s most easily, directly developed in Meiguo, e.g., piano studies can be undertaken without having to pass advanced mathematics.
Has no idea of interests; can profit from the ‘discover yourself’ aspects of US higher education. People develop at different speeds and profit from trying out different areas. Students freely select their own majors, but may take time –2 years in some places-- to discover their own interests and develop their own motivation.
Wants the solid training for a bi-lingual career and cosmopolitan citizenship that comes from immersion in the foreign culture. With no doubt, demand for outstanding bi-lingual professionals will increase for the foreseeable future.
Has a passion for English, English literature, Western history and cultural studies, etc. It’s a good choice to pursue such majors in the West.
Has discovered a great interest, but too late to pursue it effectively in the Chinese system. The flexible US system offers welcoming opportunity to all ages.
Wants the experience of studying at a top world academic powerhouse. As later mentioned, nearly 70% of the top 50 universities are in the US; China has yet to break into that bracket of the major ranking.
Weak reasons, again, among many
Wants a foreign diploma to be highly employable. Caution! Don’t forget poor C and so many underemployed overseas graduates. Another example: One day, my driver allowed that he had an MBA degree from the US. I was surprised. His English wasn’t strong. “Where did you go?” I asked. He named a new, unheard-of profit making school. Later, a colleague said, “That US study cost nearly 1 million RMB. His job today pays less than RMB 40,000 and includes driving you around.”
An overseas degree does not guarantee a great job. Exactly who wants to hire? It’s worth thinking hard about the realistic prospects. Western employers will prefer a native speaker, especially when unemployment is high and there’s a belief that China is taking ‘American jobs’ –to say nothing of visa problems. Chinese employers need to see a compelling reason to take the overseas degree student who only knows foreign methods, terms and working environment, but not Chinese methods, Chinese terms and working environment.
Wants independence. Everything here depends on the student’s track record: Does he manage himself consistently with good control? Plans well? Prepares vigilantly? Handles challenges systematically and methodically? If the answers are not clearly yes, it’s a situation for extreme caution.
Irrelevant and risky reasons
Reflect glory on the family, show the family’s wealth, and keep up with the family’s social group. Clearly, it’s a mistake to think that overseas education is a luxury commodity, like a huge apartment or a luxury car. Overseas education has to do with a student and the student’s future. If it is based on an irrelevant reason, the risk dramatically rises. The unfortunate student may end up in that unhappy bottom group.
Escape gaokao, give a weak student a supposedly easier path in the US. Let’s think for a moment. If gaokao is a problem, isn’t it likely that trying to pursue degree studies in a foreign language in a foreign culture will be a bigger problem? And, if the student should endure low status colleges for all the extra years required to learn English and get a degree, exactly what doors will a low value degree open?
教育的目的在于發(fā)展，出國(guó)留學(xué)亦是如此。因此，出國(guó)留學(xué)計(jì)劃的每個(gè)部分都必須針對(duì)學(xué)生個(gè)人而言。至于“為什么出國(guó)”這一問(wèn)題，原因可能與眾人相同也可能相當(dāng)少見(jiàn)。我們要探討的是這個(gè)原因是否符合他的具體情況，能否提升他的個(gè)人發(fā)展，能否幫他開(kāi)啟未來(lái)的大門等。
比較充分的理由(僅選一些)
(1)自己的興趣能夠很容易地在美國(guó)得以快速發(fā)展。例如，學(xué)生不需要通過(guò)高等數(shù)學(xué)的考試可就讀鋼琴專業(yè)。
(2)不明白自己的興趣所在，希望通過(guò)美國(guó)高等教育完成“自我發(fā)現(xiàn)”的過(guò)程并從中受益。每個(gè)人發(fā)展的速度不同，發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域也有差異，要嘗試不同的領(lǐng)域來(lái)獲益。大學(xué)里，學(xué)生們自主選擇專業(yè)，但是許多人需要花費(fèi)很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們真正的興趣所在，發(fā)揮積極主動(dòng)性。這一過(guò)程有時(shí)要花費(fèi)兩年的時(shí)間。
(3)想要得到扎實(shí)的訓(xùn)練，未來(lái)獲得一份雙語(yǔ)的工作，成為世界性的公民融入外國(guó)文化。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，社會(huì)需要更多的雙語(yǔ)人才，這一點(diǎn)是可以預(yù)料到的。
(4)對(duì)英語(yǔ)、英國(guó)文學(xué)、西方歷史和文化研究飽含熱情。而在西方國(guó)家從事這類專業(yè)是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。
(5)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)興趣所在，但是為時(shí)已晚，無(wú)法在中國(guó)圓夢(mèng)。而美國(guó)的教學(xué)制度較為靈活，可以給各個(gè)年齡段的學(xué)生敞開(kāi)大門。
(6)想要獲得在世界頂尖學(xué)府學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，世界排名前50名的大學(xué)，有近70%在美國(guó)。中國(guó)的大學(xué)還未能擠入排名之列。
不太充分的理由(僅選一些)
(1)想獲得外國(guó)文憑，找工作時(shí)更有利。要小心!別忘了學(xué)生C的教訓(xùn)，還有許多可憐的海歸畢業(yè)生沒(méi)能找到工作。再如下面這個(gè)例子：一天我的司機(jī)告訴我他獲得了美國(guó)一所大學(xué)的工商管理碩士學(xué)位。我聽(tīng)了很驚訝，因?yàn)樗挠⒄Z(yǔ)不怎么好�！澳闵狭四乃髮W(xué)?”我問(wèn)他。結(jié)果從他口中得知那是一所新建的、無(wú)名的、只會(huì)撈錢的學(xué)校。之后，有同事說(shuō)：“那里學(xué)費(fèi)要近100萬(wàn)人民幣。而他現(xiàn)在的工資不到4000元，還要帶你到處轉(zhuǎn)。”
國(guó)外的文憑并不能保證他們能得到好工作。確切的說(shuō)，又會(huì)有誰(shuí)想雇用他們呢?他們真實(shí)的前景值得我們深思。西方國(guó)家寧愿雇傭以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人，尤其是現(xiàn)在失業(yè)率如此之高的情況下。很多人認(rèn)為美國(guó)的許多工作都是被中國(guó)人搶走的。更不用說(shuō)還有簽證的問(wèn)題。再者，要讓中國(guó)的老板雇傭海歸也需要充分的理由，因?yàn)樗麄冎恢绹?guó)外的方式、方法，只熟悉國(guó)外的工作環(huán)境，而對(duì)中國(guó)的情況一無(wú)所知。
(2)想要獨(dú)立。這一切都要取決于這個(gè)學(xué)生過(guò)去的記錄：他是否能夠始終如一地做到自律?他的計(jì)劃是否周詳?他的準(zhǔn)備是否充分?是否具備系統(tǒng)的，有條不紊的迎接挑戰(zhàn)的能力。如果還不能完全做到以上幾點(diǎn)，就要格外謹(jǐn)慎。
不相干的危險(xiǎn)原因
(1)想要光宗耀祖，炫耀家財(cái)，為了緊跟家庭社交圈。顯然把出國(guó)留學(xué)看作和豪宅、豪車一樣的奢侈商品是錯(cuò)誤的。出國(guó)留學(xué)和一個(gè)學(xué)生甚至是他的未來(lái)息息相關(guān)。如果因?yàn)橐恍┎幌喔傻脑蚓瓦x擇出國(guó)留學(xué)，那所冒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也將急劇上升。不幸的學(xué)生就會(huì)淪為“失業(yè)群體”的一員。
(2)為了逃避高考。對(duì)成績(jī)不好的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，留學(xué)美國(guó)看起來(lái)是一條捷徑。但仔細(xì)想想，如果高考都成了問(wèn)題，那在他鄉(xiāng)接觸異國(guó)文化，用外語(yǔ)爭(zhēng)取學(xué)位豈不更成問(wèn)題?再假設(shè)，一個(gè)學(xué)生花了幾年就讀語(yǔ)言學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)英文，結(jié)果還得屈就于在低等的大學(xué)中爭(zhēng)取學(xué)位，那么這樣低含金量的學(xué)位將來(lái)又能有什么用呢?
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