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北上廣深，想說愛你不容易
在這個(gè)人才流動(dòng)極為頻繁的時(shí)代，很多人背井離鄉(xiāng)生活在陌生的城市。城市吸引年輕人的不再僅僅是機(jī)會(huì)和財(cái)富，“認(rèn)同感”成為重要的考量指標(biāo)。什么是城市認(rèn)同感?你對(duì)長(zhǎng)居的城市有認(rèn)同感或自豪感嗎?這是否是你想生活的那座城?
Before he graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology this year, 22-year-old Liu Can spent every vacation interning in a different city.
22歲的劉燦今年剛從華中科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)，大學(xué)時(shí)期的每個(gè)假期他都會(huì)去不同的城市實(shí)習(xí)。
“I wanted to experience each of them before settling down in one. They’re all great interms of career opportunities, but I identified best with the vibrant and energetic vibe of Shenzhen,” he said.
“我想在安頓下來之前體驗(yàn)不同城市的生活。這些城市都有很好的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，但是我覺得最有生機(jī)和活力的還是深圳，”劉燦說。
Young people like Liu attach great importance to the chemistry they have with a city. It’s a phenomenon so common that researchers decided to investigate what it means to feel a “sense of belonging” somewhere.
像劉燦這樣的年輕人更關(guān)心他們和城市之間是否能擦出火花。時(shí)下，這種現(xiàn)象十分常見，于是研究人員決定調(diào)查一下何為人在某地會(huì)有“歸屬感”。
Academics from Sun Yat-sen University surveyed 22,991 people from seven Chinese metropolises: Chongqing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Wuhan, Tianjin and Shenzhen. They found that residents in the first three identify most strongly with their city.
中山大學(xué)的學(xué)者調(diào)查了中國(guó)7座城市(重慶、上海、廣州、北京、武漢、天津和深圳)的22991名市民。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)前三座城市(重慶、上海和廣州)居民的城市認(rèn)同感最強(qiáng)。
The research group divided this sense of identification into four categories, namely cultural, personal, status and regional identification. Put simply, these categories reflect how well a city matches an individual’s needs, both emotional and practical.
研究小組將這種認(rèn)同感分成了四類，分別是文化認(rèn)同、身份認(rèn)同、地位認(rèn)同和地域認(rèn)同。簡(jiǎn)單來說，這種分類反映了城市滿足個(gè)人情感和實(shí)際需要的程度。
Finding a city with the right combination of characteristics is valuable for young people, Zhang Zhi’an, dean of the School of Communication and Design at Sun Yat-sen University, told the press. Traditionally, choosing a city involved weighing a number of tangible factors. But nowadays, young people put emphasis on the intangible qualities of a city, which determine how well they fit in, he said.
中山大學(xué)傳播與設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)張志安告訴記者，尋找一個(gè)個(gè)性和自己匹配的城市對(duì)年輕人來說很重要。通常選擇一座城市需要衡量一些有形的因素。不過現(xiàn)在年輕人更重視城市無形的特質(zhì)，這關(guān)系到他們能否很好地融入，張志安補(bǔ)充到。
“In a city with strong sense of identity, its residents form a ‘we’ sentiment, recognizing with each other and feeling like part of a larger community,” said Yang Yiyin, a researcher of psychology at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
“在一座認(rèn)同感高的城市，居民會(huì)形成一種“我們”的觀念，他們互相承認(rèn)彼此，并覺得自己是大社區(qū)的一員，“中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院心理學(xué)研究員楊宜音說。
Chen Chen agrees. The 26-year-old Hunan-born architect left Beijing for Chongqing after her attempt to get a local hukou, or permanent residence permit, was to no avail. Without a Beijing hukou, people are not allowed to buy an apartment or a car in the city, unless they pay social insurance or income tax for more than five years. But there is no law restricting Beijing locals from making these purchases.
陳晨同意這種說法。這個(gè)26歲的湖南籍建筑師在發(fā)現(xiàn)無法取得北京戶口之后，離開北京去了重慶。沒有北京戶口的人不能在北京買房買車，除非他們繳納五年以上的社�；騻�(gè)人所得稅。而北京本地人則不用受這種法律約束。
“Chongqing, by contrast, allows migrants to buy an apartment without a local hukou. Some even get a hukou because of the real estate they bought. The feeling of being welcomed and accepted is what attracts me more than the city’s opportunity and wealth,” Chen said.
“相比而言，外地人沒有戶口也能在重慶買房。有些人甚至在購(gòu)買房產(chǎn)之后拿到了重慶戶口。這讓外地人覺得被歡迎和接納，這比機(jī)會(huì)和財(cái)富更吸引我，“陳晨說。
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