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中考英語(yǔ)難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法詳解
2016中考英語(yǔ)難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法詳解：形容詞與副詞
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
1.形容詞的用法
(1)形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
Our country is a beautiful country. (作定語(yǔ))
The fish went bad. (作表語(yǔ))
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
(2)形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí)，形容詞放在名詞后面。
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in the film.
(3)用 and 或 or 連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。
Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
You can take any box away, big or small.
(4)the+形容詞表示一類(lèi)人或物
The rich should help the poor.
2.副詞的用法
(1)副詞在句中可作狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
He studies very hard. (作狀語(yǔ))
Life here is full of joy. (作定語(yǔ))
When will you be back? (作表語(yǔ))
副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類(lèi)：
1)時(shí)間副詞
時(shí)間副詞通常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間副詞有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow?
He is never been to Beijing.
2)地點(diǎn)副詞
地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)副詞有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副詞
方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的?”這類(lèi)問(wèn)題的，其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的， 有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly, 它們與形容詞同形。常見(jiàn)的方式副詞有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副詞
程度副詞多數(shù)用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞，有少數(shù)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的程度副詞有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑問(wèn)副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句的副詞。常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)副詞有：how, when, where, why等。例如：
How are you getting along with your studies?
Where were you yesterday?
Why did you do that?
(2)副詞在句中的位置
1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。如果動(dòng)詞帶有賓語(yǔ)，則放在賓語(yǔ)之后。例如：
Mr Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)頻度副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞之后。例如：
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
3)程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面， 但enough作副詞用時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
4)副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.
(3)部分常用副詞的用法
1)very, much
這兩個(gè)副詞都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，而much用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。例如：
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better now.
Much可以修飾動(dòng)詞，而very則不能。例如：
I don’t like the idea much.
They did not talk much.
2)too, either
這兩個(gè)副詞都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：
She can dance, and I can dance, too.
I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.
3)already, yet
already一般用于語(yǔ)肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：
He has already left.
Have you heard from him yet?
He hasn’t answered yet.
4)so, neither
so和neither都可用于倒裝句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。
例如：
My brother likes football and so do I.
My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.
3.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
(1)兩個(gè)人或事物的比較時(shí)(不一定每一方只有一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物)，用比較級(jí)。
Our teacher is taller than we are.
The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.
(2)most 同形容詞連用而不用 the,表示 "極，很，非常， 十分"。
It’s most dangerous to be here.
在這兒太危險(xiǎn)。
(3)"The+形容詞比較級(jí)…， the+形容詞比較級(jí)…"表示 " 越… 就越…"。
The more you study, the more you know.
(4)" 形容詞比較級(jí) + and + 形容詞比較級(jí) ", 表示 " 越來(lái)越… "。
It’s getting hotter and hotter.
(5)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對(duì)比相同。
This box is as big as mine.
(6)the + 形容詞 表示某種人。
He always helps the poor.
(7)形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
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