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勵志英語美文摘抄加賞析(2)
Lesson four: The answer isn’t always what you expect
4.結(jié)果并不總是和預想的一樣
Sylvia Earle has spent decades trying to see the ocean with new eyes. Her “dream machine” is a submarine that could take scientists all the way to the bottom of the deepest ocean floor. What sort of material could best withstand the types of pressure you would encounter thousands of miles below the ocean surface? “It could be steel, it could be titanium, it could be some sort of ceramic, or some kind of aluminium system,” says Earle. “But glass is the ultimate material.” By her estimates, a glass sphere about four-to-six inches (10-15cm) thick should be able safely explore the ocean depths she dreams of exploring.
西爾維亞·厄爾花了幾十年的時間試圖讓人們用新的方式親近海底，她的“夢想號”潛艇可以讓科學家潛入到最深的海底。那種材料才能夠承受住深海的巨大壓力呢?厄爾說：“我想過用鋼、鈦、陶瓷等，但最終發(fā)現(xiàn)其實玻璃才是終極王者�！备鶕�(jù)她的預計，一塊10-15厘米厚的玻璃板就能讓她進入夢寐以求的那片深海世界。
Glass is the oldest material known to man and one of the least understood, says Tony Lawson, Earle’s engineering director at Deep Ocean and Exploration Research Marine. “It has a higgledy-piggledy molecular structure a bit like a liquid, rather than the ordered lattices often found in other solids. As a result, when glass is evenly squeezed from all sides – as it would be under the ocean – the molecules cram closer together and form a tighter structure.
厄爾的項目技術(shù)總監(jiān)稱，雖然玻璃是人類已知的最古老材料，但是我們對它的了解卻甚少。“玻璃的分子結(jié)構(gòu)有點像是液體，排列方式?jīng)]有一般固體的有規(guī)律。因此，當玻璃被海洋里的壓力從四面八方壓迫時，它的分子會被壓在一起，形成更緊密的結(jié)構(gòu)�！�
Lesson five: A little luck goes a long way
5.偶爾的一點好運也可以維持很久
It was hailed as one of the biggest success stories in the history of space exploration – 20 years of planning ended earlier this year with the Philae lander rendezvousing with Comet 67P over 300 million miles (480 million kilometres) away from Earth.
菲萊探測器被譽為太空探索史上最大跨越之一，歷經(jīng)20年的策劃期終于在年初發(fā)射并成功在離地球四億八千萬公里的67P彗星上著陸。
The biggest challenge, says Stephan Ulamec, manager of the Philae lander programme, was how to design a probe to land on a body whose makeup they had little knowledge about. “We had no idea of the size, we had no idea of the day-night cycle, which influences the thermal design, we had no idea of the gravity, so how fast would the lander impact, we had no idea how the surface looked,” he says.
據(jù)菲萊項目的負責人斯蒂芬介紹，在這20年里遇到的最大挑戰(zhàn)是對彗星構(gòu)造了解較少，不知道該如何設計這個探測器�！拔覀儾恢厘缧堑臅円寡h(huán)情況會影響保熱設計，不知道彗星的重力也無法預測探測器著陸后對轉(zhuǎn)速的影響，甚至不清楚彗星表面的樣子�！�
They needed to create design parameters that could cope with an extremely wide range of possible comet structures – but banked on the comet being a relatively even potato shape with enough flat surfaces for the probe to land on. Even then, not everything went to plan, and two decades of meticulous planning could have failed within minutes at touchdown. Philae's anchoring harpoons didn't fire as planned, and it bounced off the comet before settling onto its icy surface and successfully beaming data back to its relieved creators.
科學家們需要建立盡可能符合多種彗星結(jié)構(gòu)的設計參數(shù)，但是還是得寄希望于彗星的表面要夠平坦�？杉幢闶腔�20年設計、縝密計劃過的菲萊還是在著陸的幾分鐘里有點小失�。骸棒~叉”系統(tǒng)未如計劃打開，無法準確釘入彗星表面。不過幸運的是，菲萊還是成功地把數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)回了地球。
Lesson six: Genius is indefinable
6.“天才”定義不明
“It’s a funny word: the word ‘genius’,” says Nirenberg. “I just sort of ignore it and just go on with life. You just do what you do independent of whatever label’s attached to you. I don’t know really how else to explain it.”
“天才這個詞很有趣”，尼倫伯格說，“我常常忽略這個標簽繼續(xù)走自己的路。只需要拋掉別人在你身上貼的各種標簽做自己想做到的事就好了。因為所謂天才真是判斷標準不一、無法解釋的事情�！�
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