6月英語六級考前模擬試題（3）

　　一、寫作(共1題，合計15分)

　　1My View on Spending Craze During Graduation

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　　三、閱讀理解(共4題，合計35分)

　　根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容回答37-46題

　　When studying human talent, the temptation is usually to concentrate on the upper reaches.

　　Understandably so: we all admire the Einsteins and Mozarts of this world and 36 to imitate them.In comparison, studying the opposite end of the spectrum might seem pointless,

　　patronizing(擺出恩賜態(tài)度的)or downright tasteless. Lack of intelligence is shameful enough withouttreating people like lab rats.

　　Yet it often takes a different viewpoint to find new insights into an old problem. Stupidity is tooimportant and interesting to ignore. The science of stupidity is producing results that 37 ourconcepts of intelligence and that should be humbling for many of the smart people who run the world.It turns out that a tendency for entertaining 38 , foolish or illogical ideas is not necessarily theresult of a low IQ. This measure of intelligence is largely 39 of rationality. Just because

　　you score on the high end of one scale doesn't mean that you won't fall at the bottom of the other.Importantly, no one is 40 to the biases that lead to stupid decisions. Yet our respect for IQ andeducation means that it is easy to rest on the laure/s (桂冠) of our qualifications and assume thatwe are,by definition, not stupid.

　　That can be 41 on a personal level: regardless of IQ, people who score badly on rationality testsare more likely to have unplanned pregnancies or fall into serious debt.

　　Large scale stupidity is even more damaging. Business cultures that 42 encourage it, for example,mayhave contributed to the economic crisis. Indeed, the effects may have been so damaging preciselybecause banks assumed that intelligent people act logically while at the same time rewarding rashbehavior based on intuition rather than 43 . As one researcher puts it: "The more intelligentsomeone is, the more disastrous the results of their stupidity". The same surely applies to

　　politicians: the tenth anniversary of the invasion of Iraq serves as a 44 that clever people cando monumentally stupid things.

　　If we want to avoid making similar mistakes in the future, everybody--especially the most

　　intelligent and powerful--would do well to humbly 45 their own weaknesses. To quote Oscar Wilde:"There is no sin except stupidity. " A)acknowledge I) independentB)aspire J)negligibleC)challenge K)nominationD)commemorate DperpetuallyE)damaging M)rash

　　F)deliberation N)recipientG)immune O)reminderH)inadvertently

　　37請回答36題_____

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　　40請回答39題_____

　　41請回答40題_____

　　42請回答41題_____

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　　44請回答43題_____

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　　46請回答45題_____

　　根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容回答47-56題

　　Technology, Costs, Lack of Appeal Slow E-Textbook Adantian

　　[ A] Textbooks are often a luxury for college senior Vatell Martin. The accounting major atVirginia State University got by in several courses with study groups and professors' lectures."It's not that I didn't want to buy,"he says. "Sometimes, I just didn't have the money for a $ 200book. "VSU knows Martin isn't the only one. More than half of its students routinely skip buyingtextbooks. For a solution, the school is turning to e-textbooks.

　　[ B ] VSU partnered with Flat World Knowledge, a start-up publisher that produces exclusively written e-books with "open" content that can be modified by professors. In a trial with 14 businesscourses,students would be required to pay $20 and receive a Flat World e-book and digital learningsupplements. The university and a local grant have been covering the cost, so far. "That'snothing.It's what I put in my gas tank," says Martin, who participated in the trial. "If I waswalking into a discussion on a topic, I can just download and take out the book and read it on myphone. "

　　[ C] With their promise of ubiquity (無處不在), convenience and perhaps affordability, e-textbookshave arrived in fits and starts throughout college campuses. And publishers and book resellers arespending millions attracting students to their online stores and e-reader platforms as mobiletechnology improves the readability of the material on devices such as tablet computers. SiliconValley start-ups,such as Inkling and Kno, are also aggressively reinventing textbooks withinteractive graphics, videos and social-media features.

　　[ D] Despite emerging attempts at innovation, the industry has been slowed by clumsy technology, thelasting appeal of print books, skeptical students who search online for cheaper alternatives, andcustomer confusion stemming from too many me-too e-textbook platforms that have failed to stand out.[ E ] The late Steve Jobs, founder of Apple, believed textbooks to be an $ 8 billion market ripe for"digital destruction," biographer Walter Issacson writes in Steve Jobs. Apple is expected to make anannouncement Thursday about its new education products. The market is small but growing. Sales for e-textbooks in the U. S. higher education market grew 44. 3% to $267. 3 million in 2011,according toSimba Information, a publishing industry research firm.Print still rules

　　[ F] So far, students have been less than impressed and more likely to choose print books. About 11%of college students have bought e-textbooks, according to market research firm Student Monitor.Availability isn't the chief problem. Most popular textbooks have a digital version, andthey're available online. But students have largely stayed away because the most readily availabletechnology today -- PDF (portable docmnent format) or other document reader versions of the printbook—is clumsy and eye-straining to read.

　　[ G ] When Andrea Soto, a freshman biology major at the University of Maryland, bought Principles ofBiology, the $192 price tag came with a free online version. She prefers the touchable presence of athick book on her lap. "You can't highlight or underline things in the e-book. I find it more of atrouble," she says. However, digital books aren't necessarily cheaper, either. While priced lowerthan new print books, they're often more expensive than buying or renting used books online, says Kathy Mickey, an analyst at Simba. A federally funded pilot study at Daytona State College in Florida found that some students who rented an e-textbook paid only a dollar less than students whobought a print edition. And e-textbook users couldn't sell the book back after the class ended.

　　[ H ] Despite e-textbooks' shortcomings, most agree that the print market is ripe for a technological overhaul (徹底改革). Prices of new books are rising sharply. Authors complain aboutused book sales that don't generate royalties. Professors and students axe annoyed at new editionsthat seemingly add little in content VS the previous one.

　　[ I] "This is an industry that's failing everyone--parents, authors, professors, and students," saysBrad Wheeler, chief information officer at Indiana University, which is running a program thatdistributes cheaper e-textbooks but requires all students in the class to buy. Publishers areeager for a quicker transition to the format because e-textbooks cost less to publish and wouldgenerate income from every student who buys one. Digital books can't be resold, at least, not legally. "We'd prefer that all of it to go digital," says Vineet Madan, senior vice President of newventures at McGraw-Hill Education. "There isn't a secondary market for e-books. "Seeking market niche (商機)

　　[ J ] If current e-textbooks are mostly unappealing, what's next? Like online music in its infancy,the textbook industry's key players--publishers, resellers, bookstores, tech companies, even someuniversities--are all scrambling to offer their digital solutions, an effort that has only intensified with the arrival of tablet computers and app stores. "Everybody and their brothers arecoming out with an e-book platform," says I am Williams, director of strategic learning solutious atWiley, a textbook publisher.

　　[ K] They all agree on one thing: The quality of e-textbooks must improve dramatically. More valueadded, interactive features will keep students interested and spur sales, they say. Tablet computersare a key stimulus in this endeavor. At Kno, tablets have allowed the Santa Clara, Calif.-based company to embed interactive tools onto an existing e-textbook in a more intuitive way, for example,the ability to write directly on the book with a finger stroke or tap on a keyword for notes. "Tablet was a needed development," says Kno's founder Osman Rashid. Despite threats to their printbook sales, university bookstores are also coming around to embracing e-books. Follett, which runs930 university bookstores in North America, launched Follett CafeScribe last year, a cloud-baseddigital textbook platform.Publishers not on sidelines

　　[L] Textbook publishers are partnering with universities for exclusive trials, buying stakes in start-ups and developing their own technologies. Last year, publisher Cengage launched MindTap, an e-book/ digital learning website that is now being tried by about 50 professors, says Bill Rieders,Cengage's executive vice President of global new media. Instead of tables of content, MindTapprovides "a learning path" that students can access for text, multimedia, self-assessment tools,quizzes and note sharing.

　　[ M] Pearson has introduced a competing product, OpenClass. The cloud-based website means studentscan access information wherever there's an online connection--features social networking, and workswith Google Apps for Education. Reed College in Portland, Ore. , is one of several universities thatwill test OpenClass this fall.

　　[ N ] The CourseLoad trial has been in place since 2009 on a limited basis, with students receivingfree books. It has been expanded to 130 courses this spring semester. Students now pay a discountedprice for access to CourseLoad books and learning kits, typically "60% to70% " cheaper than newprint books, Wheeler says. In exchange, students must pay a fee to enroll. Despite the lack offlexibility, school officials and students have embraced the low-cost approach, he says.

　　47The development of tablet computers is necessary to improve the e-textbook's quality.48It's difficult to make notes on the digital version, so Andrea Soto chose the print book.

　　49Due to the mobile technology, readability on electronic equipment becomes better.

　　50In MindTap, each function can be accessible through "a learning path" rather than the tables ofcontent.

　　51Publishers like Vineet Madan prefer e-textbooks because they couldn't be resold legally.

　　52OpenClass allows students to get information wherever they can get connected to the Internet.

　　53Many students in VSU hate to buy expensive textbooks, thus the school promotes e-textbooks tostudents.

　　54Students can get a discounted price from CourseLoad books but they should pay the enrollment fee.

　　55The e-textbook publishers cooperate with universities to achieve sole tryouts.

　　56Although e-textbook industry makes an effort to innovate, it's still restricted from developing.

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