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緬懷大屠殺受難者國(guó)際紀(jì)念日致辭稿
Message from Ms Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, on the Occasion of International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
教科文組織總干事伊琳娜·博科娃“緬懷大屠殺受難者國(guó)際紀(jì)念日”致辭
Each anniversary of the liberation of the concentration and extermination camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau reminds us with horror of the atrocities that were committed by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.
This collapse in the values that underpin our humanity reminds us of the fragility of peace and the urgency of strengthening the pillars of tolerance, respect for others and human rights. This obligation applies to all countries, now and in the future.
Auschwitz-Birkenau and its industrialized killing system represent a culmination point in the destruction of humans by other humans. In the name of a racist ideology, of which hatred of Jews was the central element, people of all ages and all conditions were systematically murdered on a continental scale, simply because they were Jewish. Millions of other individuals, because of their supposed racial inferiority, their ideas, or on other grounds, were persecuted and killed by the Nazis and their collaborators during the Second World War.
The genocide of the Jewish people also sought to wipe out a centuries-old European cultural heritage. UNESCO pays tribute to the victims without graves, who would be condemned a second time if they were forgotten by history. UNESCO pays tribute also to the survivors, some of whom share their testimonies in schools.
The more removed this tragedy becomes from us in time, and as the survivors pass on, the greater the need to teach the meaning of this history for the present. The Holocaust shows just how far hatred can go. It also reminds us that the folly of some is often taken forward through the ignorance and indifference of others who, through lack of historical knowledge, fail to heed the harbinger signs of extreme violence. This risk remains present today. Those who deny or relativize the crimes of the Holocaust seek to perpetuate the causes of genocide and to revive violence. Education remains the last bastion to protect us against this threat, and this is where UNESCO’s mission takes on its full significance.
Remembrance must be the first step in a common effort to prevent any further genocide and any repetition of new mass violence. For this, UNESCO is helping States to integrate these difficult issues in their educational priorities, developing the network of UNESCO Chairs on this topic and supporting the design and evaluation of educational content.
On this day, I call on all members of UNESCO to persevere in spreading knowledge of this history and to combat all forms of racism and anti-Semitism. Teaching about the Holocaust is a real way to fight intolerance and prejudice around the world, by taking ownership of a history that sheds light on our common humanity.
UNESCO was established in the wake of the Holocaust on the conviction that lasting peace must draw on the mutual understanding of peoples and cultures, nurtured through education and knowledge sharing, in ways that highlight the best of humanity in ourselves. The Holocaust has shown us the worst of ourselves, and remembrance of the victims must accompany us in our quest for a world where such horrors will never reoccur.
翻譯：
每個(gè)解放奧斯威辛-比克瑙集中和滅絕營(yíng)周年紀(jì)念日，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)都是不堪回首的一天，令我們回想起納粹政權(quán)及其同黨所犯下的暴行。
這一人類(lèi)基本價(jià)值觀(guān)的淪喪反映出和平是多么不堪一擊，而鞏固寬容的基石、推動(dòng)對(duì)他人和人權(quán)的尊重又是怎樣的迫切。不論現(xiàn)在還是將來(lái)，這一要求適用于所有國(guó)家。
奧斯威辛-比克瑙及其工業(yè)化的殺人系統(tǒng)堪稱(chēng)人毀滅人的頂峰。對(duì)猶太人的仇恨是種族主義意識(shí)形態(tài)的核心內(nèi)容，以此為名，一個(gè)大陸的各個(gè)年齡、各種身份的人僅僅因?yàn)樯頌楠q太人就遭到了系統(tǒng)殺戮。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，還有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人因?yàn)楸徽J(rèn)為屬于低等種族、因?yàn)槠渌枷胗^(guān)念或其它理由就遭到了納粹及其同黨的迫害和殺害。
對(duì)猶太人民的種族滅絕是一次對(duì)人的毀滅，其目的還在于毀滅具有數(shù)百年歷史之久的一種歐洲文化遺產(chǎn)。教科文組織緬懷這些死無(wú)葬身之地的遇難者，忘記他們等于使他們二次受難。教科文組織還向大屠殺的幸存者致敬，其中某些幸存者正在學(xué)校里與人分享著自己的見(jiàn)證。
隨著時(shí)移世易、生者逝去，這場(chǎng)悲劇越是遠(yuǎn)離我們，就越有必要講授這段歷史之于現(xiàn)在的意義。大屠殺表明仇恨會(huì)導(dǎo)致怎樣的災(zāi)難。它還提醒我們，一些人的瘋狂經(jīng)常被另一些人的無(wú)知和冷漠所代替，后者由于不了解歷史，無(wú)法在激進(jìn)的暴力初露端倪時(shí)將其挫敗。這種危險(xiǎn)仍具有當(dāng)下意義。對(duì)大屠殺罪行的否定和淡化目的在于使種族滅絕的原因延續(xù)下去，重新激發(fā)暴力。教育是預(yù)防此種危險(xiǎn)的最后圍墻，正是在這方面才能完全體現(xiàn)教科文組織的使命。
喚醒記憶，應(yīng)該是邁向攜手并肩阻止一切新的種族屠殺和新的大規(guī)模暴力的第一步。教科文組織責(zé)無(wú)旁貸，致力于幫助會(huì)員國(guó)將這些難題納入其教育優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，發(fā)展與該主題有關(guān)的教科文組織教席網(wǎng)絡(luò)，支持相關(guān)教育內(nèi)容的設(shè)計(jì)和評(píng)估。
今天，我呼吁教科文組織的所有成員銘記這段歷史，反對(duì)一切形式的種族主義和反猶主義。大屠殺教育是一個(gè)具體的手段，通過(guò)它我們與世界上無(wú)處不在的不寬容和偏見(jiàn)作斗爭(zhēng)，通過(guò)它我們得以了解一段照亮人類(lèi)共同命運(yùn)的歷史。
教科文組織誕生于大屠殺發(fā)生不久，其信念是真正的和平建立在各民族和文化相互理解基礎(chǔ)之上，而教育和知識(shí)分享使我們完善自身，培養(yǎng)出相互理解之情。大屠殺向我們展現(xiàn)了最壞的一面，對(duì)遇難者的緬懷應(yīng)伴隨著我們?nèi)プ非笠粋�(gè)此類(lèi)暴行不再重演的世界。
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