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日本科學(xué)家：小鳥(niǎo)也具備辨別不同語(yǔ)言的能力
Birds Can Distinguish Languages
摘要：Pet birds can not only imitate sounds, they can distinguish between languages, potentially offering new clues on how the brain recognizes speech, Japanese researchers say.日本有關(guān)研究人員日前表示，家養(yǎng)的寵物鳥(niǎo)不僅能夠模仿聲音，同時(shí)它們也能辨別不同的語(yǔ)言，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能為人們研究大腦如何認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言提供新的線索。
Pet birds can not only imitate sounds, they can distinguish between languages, potentially offering new clues on how the brain recognizes speech, Japanese researchers say.
It has already been confirmed that monkeys, mice and other mammals can recognize different languages but this is the first time that birds have been found to possess the ability, the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper reported.
A research team exposed Java Sparrows to English and Chinese translations recorded by exchange students of two well-known Japanese novels, "The Tale of Genji" and Natsume Soseki#39;s "I Am a Cat."
A bird sitting on a perch first listened to the English version and was only allowed to eat afterwards. Then the researchers played English and Chinese recordings at random and only allowed the bird to eat after hopping onto the perch with the English.
The birds correctly identified the English recording 75 percent of the time. The same results were achieved with another two birds that were permitted to eat only when Chinese was played.
"Humans are able to distinguish between languages, even ones they don#39;t know, from the intonation and pronunciation, and it seems that paddy birds have the same ability," said Keio University experimental psychology professor Shigeru Watanabe, who led the research.
"If we study common traits in brain structure, this may shed light on the mechanisms of speech recognition," Watanabe was quoted as saying by the Mainichi Shimbun.
Watanabe said paddy birds like the Java Sparrow and parakeets, which are skilled vocally, learn sounds unique to their species after becoming adults, suggesting that they have a high ability to distinguish between sounds.
The researchers did not use Japanese because it was the language the birds normally listened to, the newspaper said.
日本有關(guān)研究人員日前表示，家養(yǎng)的寵物鳥(niǎo)不僅能夠模仿聲音，同時(shí)它們也能辨別不同的語(yǔ)言，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能為人們研究大腦如何認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言提供新的線索。
據(jù)法新社2月6日?qǐng)?bào)道，此前，人們?cè)C實(shí)猴子、老鼠和其它一些哺乳動(dòng)物能夠認(rèn)知不同的語(yǔ)言；而這次人們首次發(fā)現(xiàn)，鳥(niǎo)類也具備這種能力。日本研究人員給文鳥(niǎo)（爪哇禾雀，Java Sparrow）聽(tīng)英文版及中文版的兩部日本名著的錄音。這兩本書分別是紫式部的《源氏物語(yǔ)》和夏目漱石的《我是貓》。研究人員之所以沒(méi)有用日語(yǔ)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)是因?yàn)檫@種語(yǔ)言鳥(niǎo)平時(shí)經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到。
研究的具體過(guò)程如下：讓一只站在桿上的文鳥(niǎo)先聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)錄音，然后才允許它吃東西；接下來(lái)，研究人員隨意播放英語(yǔ)和中文錄音，但是只有當(dāng)文鳥(niǎo)聽(tīng)到英語(yǔ)錄音跳到桿子上后，才允許它吃東西。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，文鳥(niǎo)成功分辨出英語(yǔ)錄音的概率為75％。研究人員又用另外兩種鳥(niǎo)進(jìn)行了分辨中文錄音的試驗(yàn)，并且得到了相同的結(jié)果。對(duì)此，此項(xiàng)研究的負(fù)責(zé)人、日本慶應(yīng)大學(xué)（Keio University）實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)教授渡邊茂說(shuō)：“人類能夠從語(yǔ)調(diào)和發(fā)音來(lái)辨別不同的語(yǔ)言，即使是一些自己沒(méi)有掌握的語(yǔ)言也如此。現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)，這些以谷類為食的小鳥(niǎo)也同樣具備這種能力�！倍蛇吤�說(shuō)，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)或許會(huì)為人們研究語(yǔ)言識(shí)別機(jī)制帶來(lái)啟迪。
http://www.szmdbiao.com/【日本科學(xué)家：小鳥(niǎo)也具備辨別不同語(yǔ)言的能力】相關(guān)文章：
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