考研英語一閱讀真題答案

　　在日常學習和工作生活中，我們很多時候都會有考試，接觸到考試真題，借助考試真題可以更好地考查參試者所掌握的知識和技能。那么一般好的考試真題都具備什么特點呢？以下是小編為大家收集的考研英語一閱讀真題答案，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。

　　考研英語一閱讀真題答案 1

　　Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.

　　The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.

　　Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.

　　Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.

　　Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.

　　1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text?

　　[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.

　　[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.

　　[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.

　　[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.

　　2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to

　　[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England.

　　[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.

　　[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.

　　[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States.

　　3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition?

　　[A] It is totally implausible.

　　[B] It is partially acceptable.

　　[C] It is highly admirable.

　　[D] It is controversial though persuasive.

　　4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?

　　[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.

　　[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unrecognized by historians.

　　[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.

　　[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.

　　5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyn’s work?

　　[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.

　　[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.

　　[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.

　　[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.

　　考研英語一閱讀真題答案 2

　　For the past severalyears, the Sunday newspaper supplement Paradehas featured a column called "Ask Marilyn." People are invited to query Marilynvos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 - the highest score ever recorded. IQtests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper afterit has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among othersimilar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queriesfrom the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between loveand fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? ①Itsnot obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numericalpatterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poetsand philosophers.

　　Clearly, intelligenceencompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart?How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about itfrom neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?

　　The defining term ofintelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests arenot given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms:the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales(both come in adult and childrens version). Generally costing several hundreddollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations ofthem populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. ②Superhigh scores like vos Savants are nolonger possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical populationdistribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by thechronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests,such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

　　Such standardized testsmay not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and inlife, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent IsIntelligence Testing?", ③Sternberg notes that traditionaltest best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativityand practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and lifesuccess. Moreover, IQ test do not necessarilypredict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found thatIQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stressconditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated withleadership - that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled throughSAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing whento guess or what questions to skip.

　　1. Which of the following may be required in anintelligent test?

　　[A] Answeringphilosophical questions.

　　[B] Foldingor cutting paper into different shapes.

　　[C] Tellingthe difference between certain concepts.（D）

　　[D] Choosingwords or graphs similar to the given ones.

　　2. What can be inferred about intelligence testingfrom Paragraph 3?

　　[A] People nolonger use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

　　[B] Moreversions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

　　[C] The testcontents and formats for adults and children may be different.（C）

　　[D]Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

　　3. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scoresas high as vos Savants because

　　[A] thescores are obtained through different computational procedures.

　　[B]creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

　　[C] vosSavants case is an extreme one that will not repeat.（A）

　　[D] thedefining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

　　4. We can conclude from the last paragraph that

　　[A] testscores may not be reliable indicators of ones ability.

　　[B] IQ scoresand SAT results are highly correlated.

　　[C] testinginvolves a lot of guesswork.（A）

　　[D]traditional test are out of date.

　　5. What is the authors attitude towards IQ test?

　　[A]Supportive.

　　[B]Skeptical.

　　[C]Impartial.（B）

　　[D] Biased.

　　考研英語一閱讀真題答案 3

　　推薦：

　　The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers’ claims that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation.

　　Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant that cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its vapor phase in a closed loop. The refrigerant, starting as a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor, enters a compressor driven by an electric motor. The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot, dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger called the condenser, which transfers heat from the refrigerant to a body of air. Now the refrigerant, as a high-pressure, cooled liquid, confronts a flow restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and partially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator, which transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant, reducing the temperature of this second body of air. Of the two heat exchangers, one is located inside, and the other one outside the house, so each is in contact with a different body of air: room air and outside air, respectively.

　　The flow direction of refrigerant through a heat pump is controlled by valves. When the refrigerant flow is reversed, the heat exchangers switch function. This flow-reversal capability allows heat pumps either to heat or cool room air.

　　Now, if under certain conditions a heat pump puts out more thermal energy than it consumes in electrical energy, has the law of energy conservation been challenged? No, not even remotely: the additional input of thermal energy into the circulating refrigerant via the evaporator accounts for the difference in the energy equation.

　　Unfortunately there is one real problem. The heating capacity of a heat pump decreases as the outdoor temperature falls. The drop in capacity is caused by the lessening amount of refrigerant mass moved through the compressor at one time. The heating capacity is proportional to this mass flow rate: the less the mass of refrigerant being compressed, the less the thermal load it can transfer through the heat-pump cycle. The volume flow rate of refrigerant vapor through the single-speed rotary compressor used in heat pumps is approximately constant. But cold refrigerant vapor entering a compressor is at lower pressure than warmer vapor. Therefore, the mass of cold refrigerant — and thus the thermal energy it carries — is less than if the refrigerant vapor were warmer before compression.

　　Here, then, lies a genuine drawback of heat pumps: in extremely cold climates — where the most heat is needed — heat pumps are least able to supply enough heat.

　　1. The primary purpose of the text is to

　　[A] explain the differences in the working of a heat pump when the outdoor temperature changes.

　　[B] contrast the heating and the cooling modes of heat pumps.

　　[C] describe heat pumps, their use, and factors affecting their use.

　　[D] advocate the more widespread use of heat pumps.

　　2. The author resolves the question of whether heat pumps run counter to the principle of energy conservation by

　　[A] carefully qualifying the meaning of that principle.

　　[B] pointing out a factual effort in the statement that gives rise to this question.

　　[C] supplying additional relevant facts.

　　[D] denying the relevance of that principle to heat pumps.

　　3. It can be inferred from the text that, in the course of a heating season, the heating capacity of a heat pump is greatest when

　　[A] heating is least essential.

　　[B] electricity rates are lowest.

　　[C] its compressor runs the fastest.

　　[D] outdoor temperatures hold steady.

　　4. If the author’s assessment of the use of heat pumps (lines 1-4) is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?

　　[A] Do not make exaggerated claims about the products you are trying to promote.

　　[B] Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implications instead of on facts.

　　[C] Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client’s ability to believe.

　　[D] Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles.

　　5. The text suggests that heat pumps would be used more widely if

　　[A] they could also be used as air conditioners.

　　[B] they could be moved around to supply heat where it is most needed.

　　[C] their heat output could be thermostatically controlled.

　　[D] people appreciated the role of the evaporator in the energy equation.

　　另外為了方便大家學習，提高復習的效率。小編為廣大學子整理了考研技巧和考試大綱，更有歷年真題提供測試等等。針對每一個科目進行深度的探討和技巧挖掘。歡迎各位考研的.同學進行了解和資訊�？佳械耐纯嗍请y免的,不要喪失信心,堅信苦盡甘來。預祝各位學子取得成功！

　　考研英語一閱讀真題答案 4

　　Investigators of monkey’s social behavior have always been struck by monkeys’ aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys’ social behavior.

　　Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment: hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, at time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intragroup aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.

　　Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.

　　These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore seem to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.

　　1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with

　　[A] advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behavior.

　　[B] comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys.

　　[C] explaining the reasons for researcher’s interest in monkey’s social behavior.

　　[D] discussing the development of investigators’ theories about aggression among monkeys.

　　2. Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the text about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys’ behavior?

　　[A] Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.

　　[B] Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.

　　[C] Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting, but it produces only temporary increase among monkeys in the wild.

　　[D] Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.

　　3. The text suggests that investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because

　　[A] aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeys.

　　[B] successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group.

　　[C] situation that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratory.

　　[D] most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses.

　　4. The text supplies information to answer which of the following questions?

　　[A] How does the reduction of space affect intragroup aggression among monkeys in an experimental setting?

　　[B] Do family units within a monkey social group compete with other family units for food?

　　[C] What are the mechanisms by which the social order of an established group of monkeys controls aggression within that group?

　　[D] How do monkeys engaged in aggression with other monkeys signal submission?

　　5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?

　　[A] A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.

　　[B] A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.

　　[C] Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.

　　[D] Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.

　　考研英語一閱讀真題答案 5

　　1. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its

　　[A] uncertainty and complexity. [B] misconception and deceptiveness.

　　[C] logicality and objectivity. [D] systematicness and regularity.

　　解：通過關(guān)鍵詞the first paragraph定位到第一段，通過題干中的discovery定位到第一段中But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.題干中is characterized by和process分別為該句中frequently和route的同義再現(xiàn)，更可確定該句為關(guān)鍵句。通過關(guān)鍵句中ambiguous and complicated可確定答案為A項，A項中的uncertainty為ambiguous的同義替換，complexity為complicated的同義替換。其中B項誤解和欺騙、C項邏輯性和客觀性、D項系統(tǒng)性和規(guī)律性均不在關(guān)鍵句中，故排除。

　　2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires

　　[A] strict inspection. [B] shared efforts.

　　[C] individual wisdom. [D] persistent innovation.

　　解：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 2定位到第二段，再通過credibility process定位到第二段中This is the credibility process.，通過第三人稱單數(shù)this可知有關(guān)于credibility process的信息在上一句話，故定位到But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.，該句中的takes即為題干中requires的同義替換，故該句為關(guān)鍵句，通過關(guān)鍵句中的collective(共同的)可確定答案為B項共同努力。若不知collective意為共同的，則可采用排除法。其中，C項個人智慧和D項持續(xù)創(chuàng)新不在所定位段落之中，故可排除。A項嚴格調(diào)查，關(guān)鍵句中未提及嚴格這層含義，應該為共同的調(diào)查才對，所以排除A項。

　　3. Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it

　　[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.

　　[B] has been examined by the scientific community.

　　[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.

　　[D] has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.

　　解：通過關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 3定位第三段，再通過discovery claim becomes credible定位第三段中最后一句話As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation ... Transforms an individuals discovery claim into the communitys credible discovery.可知B項科學發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明需要被科學集體檢測正確。其中，A項中的public、C項editors and reviewers、D項peer scientists都是科學聲明變的`可信的過程，需要三者共同檢測才會變的可信，故可用community概括，ACD均可排除。

　　4. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that

　　[A] scientific claims will survive challenges. [B] discoveries today inspire future research.

　　[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified. [D] scientific work calls for a critical mind.

　　解：根據(jù)題文同序的原則，以及關(guān)鍵詞Albert Szent-Gyorgyi可定位第四段中Albert Szent-Gyorgyi once described discovery asseeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.可知D項科學工作要求批判性思維正確。其中，A項challenges和B項future research均出現(xiàn)在所定位關(guān)鍵句的前一句話中，故可排除。C項定位段未提及，也可排除。

　　5. Which of the following would be the best title of the test?

　　[A] Novelty as an engine of Scientific Discovery. [B] Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.

　　[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science. [D] Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.

　　解：考研英語閱讀文章為議論文，故全文應該圍繞作者的論點展開論述，那5個題目必圍繞文章論點進行，故可通過題干來鎖定論點范圍。前4個題目中科學發(fā)現(xiàn)和可信度字眼頻繁出現(xiàn)，故論點與其有關(guān)，則可排除AB項。其中D項科學入門處對可信度的質(zhì)疑只是第四段的大意，故排除，所以正確答案為C項科學研究中可信度的發(fā)展。

　　考研英語一閱讀真題答案 6

　　推薦：

　　One of the simplest and best known kinds of crystal is the ionic salt, of which a typical example is sodium chloride, or ordinary table salt. The fundamental components of an ionic salt are ions: atoms or molecules that have become electrically charged by gaining or losing one more electrons. In forming sodium chloride, for example, sodium atoms give up an electron (thereby becoming positively charged) and chlorine atoms gain an electron (thereby becoming negatively charged). The ions are attracted to one another by their opposite charges, and they stack together compactly, like tightly packed spheres.

　　Recently, scientists at Michigan State University created a new kind of crystal called an electride. In electrides, the anions (negative ions) are completely replaced by electrons, which are trapped in naturally formed cavities within a framework of regularly stacked cations (positive ions). Electrides are the first examples of ionic salts in which all these anionic sites are occupied solely by electrons.

　　Unlike other types of anions, anionic electrons do not behave as if they were simple charged spheres. In particular, because of their low mass and their tendency to interact with one another over great distances, they cannot be “pinned down” to any one location. Instead, they wander close to and among the atoms lining the cavity and interact with electrons in nearby cavities, perhaps changing places with them.

　　The properties of an electride depend largely on the distance between the cavities that hold trapped electrons. When the trapped electrons are far apart, they do not interact strongly, and so behave somewhat like an array of isolated negative charges. When they are closer together, they begin to display properties associated with large ensembles of identical particles. When they are still closer, the ensemble properties dominate and the electrons “delocalize”: they are no longer tightly bound within individual cavities but are more or less free to pass through the spaces within the framework of positive ions.

　　By synthesizing electrides from a variety of materials, one can vary the geometry of the anionic cavities and their relation to the surrounding cations. The resulting properties may make it possible for electrides to become a basis for economically useful new materials and devices. For instance, because the electrons in some electrides are very weakly bound, these crystals could be effective as photosensitive detectors, in which an impinging photon liberates an electron, resulting in a small electric current. The same weak binding could also make electrides useful in solar energy converters and as cathodes in batteries. One obstacle is the tendency of electrides to decompose through reaction with air and water. Researchers are seeking ways to increase their stability.

　　1. The text is primarily concerned with discussing

　　[A] a way to isolate electrons.

　　[B] the characteristics of a new kind of crystal.

　　[C] the structure of an ionic salt.

　　[D] commercial uses for electrides.

　　2. In the first paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with

　　[A] introducing a variant on the standard atomic theory.

　　[B] describing how chlorine atoms can become negatively charged.

　　[C] describing some early research at Michigan State University.

　　[D] providing background for the technical discussion to follow.

　　3. According to the text, the defining characteristic of an electride is which of the following?

　　[A] Its positive are of particularly low mass.

　　[B] Its ions possess identical electrical charges.

　　[C] It contains a framework of regularly stacked ions.

　　[D] Its negative ions consist solely of electrons.

　　4. It can be inferred from the text that anions behaving as “simple charged spheres” (line 2, paragraph 3) could be expected to

　　[A] readily lose electrons and become positively charged.

　　[B] move freely in and out of their cavities.

　　[C] respond to photons by liberating electrons.

　　[D] remain fixed relative to their cations.

　　5. With which of the following statements regarding electrides would the author most likely agree?

　　[A] They have proven themselves to be of great commercial value.

　　[B] Their future commercial value is promising but uncertain.

　　[C] They are interesting but of no practical value.

　　[D] They have commercial value mainly in solar energy applications.

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