考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案完整版
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考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案 1
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)
In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground
Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldnt know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ："Please dont approach me."
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creep,"We fear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket，"Wortmann says."They are our happy
glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."
But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesnt 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with
the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."
18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record
2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much
3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought
4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign
5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from
6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched
7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar
9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry
10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn
11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring
12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay
13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation
14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers
15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design
16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride
17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up
18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence
19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas
20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare
答案：
1. signal 2. Much 3. plugged 4. message 5. behind
6. misinterpreted 7. judged 8. unfamiliar 9. anxious 10. turn
11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers
15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact
19. since 20. simple
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
"Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home," writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. "it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work," Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home___________
[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation
[B]generated more stress than the workplace
[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement
[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace
22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?
[A]Working mothers
[B]Childless husbands
[C] Childless wives
[D]Working fathers
23 The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact thay___________
[A]they are both bread winners and housewives
[B]their home is also a place for kicking back
[C]there is often much housework left behind
[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office
24.The word"moola"(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means___________
[A]energy
[B]skills
[C]earnings
[D]nutrition
考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案 2
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 , to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you’ll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
Why? Because the target is 6 . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.
The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.
1. [A] therefore [B] however [C] again [D] moreover
2. [A] Emphasize [B] Identify [C] Assess [D] Explain
3. [A] nearly [B] curiously [C] eagerly [D] quickly
4. [A] claim [B] prove [C] check [D] recall
5. [A] threatened [B] ignored [C] mocked [D] blamed
6. [A] punctuality [B] hospitality [C] competition [D] innovation
7. [A] Yet [B] So [C] Besides [D] Still
8. [A] hired [B] trained [C] rewarded [D] grouped
9. [A] only [B] rather [C] once [D] also
10. [A] comfort [B] revenue [C] efficiency [D] security
11. [A] friendly [B] quiet [C] cautious [D] diligent
12. [A] purpose [B] problem [C] prejudice [D] policy
13. [A] reported [B] revealed [C] admitted [D] noticed
14. [A] break [B] trip [C] departure [D] transfer
15. [A] moral [B] background [C] style [D] form
16. [A] interpret [B] criticize [C] sacrifice [D] tolerate
17. [A] task [B] secret [C] product [D] cost
18. [A] leading to [B] calling for [C] relating to [D] accounting for
19. [A] specify [B] predict [C] restore [D] create
20. [A] modify [B] review [C] present [D] achieve
答案及解析
Section I Use of English
1. 【答案】B(however)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。觀察選項(xiàng)可知，本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。比較前后兩句語(yǔ)義，即It’s not difficult to...(做……不難)和it is much harder to...(做……難得多)，由not difficult和much harder可知，前后兩句語(yǔ)義相反，B項(xiàng)however(提示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。本題答案為B項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)therefore(因此)提示因果關(guān)系，C項(xiàng)again(又、再)提示并列關(guān)系，D項(xiàng)moreover(而且)提示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
2. 【答案】A(Emphasize)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。句中one和the other提示對(duì)比關(guān)系，and前后語(yǔ)義相反。由and后的the others become distorted(其余的就被扭曲了)可知，A項(xiàng)Emphasize(強(qiáng)調(diào))符合原文邏輯關(guān)系，即，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)，其余則被忽略扭曲。本題答案為A項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：B項(xiàng)Identify(識(shí)別)，C項(xiàng)Assess(評(píng)估)，D項(xiàng)Explain(解釋)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
3. 【答案】D(quickly)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。代詞this指代前一句的觀點(diǎn)，即，設(shè)定目標(biāo)會(huì)帶來(lái)負(fù)面后果：只強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，其余則被忽略扭曲。本句是對(duì)該觀點(diǎn)的舉例論述。對(duì)比各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義：A項(xiàng)nearly(幾乎)，B項(xiàng)curiously(好奇地)，C項(xiàng)eagerly(渴望地)和D項(xiàng)quickly(快速地)。其中D項(xiàng)符合原文語(yǔ)義，即：坐上倫敦公交車，你很快就會(huì)看到這點(diǎn)是如何體現(xiàn)在司機(jī)身上的(Travel on a London bus and you’ll quickly see how this works with drivers)。本題答案為D項(xiàng)。
4. 【答案】C(check)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。觀察本段句式特點(diǎn)，可知，本段首句(Watch people get on and show their tickets)與下文為總分關(guān)系。作者隨后以自問(wèn)自答的形式，引出在公交車上乘車買票這一場(chǎng)景中幾個(gè)群體的表現(xiàn)。由前文Do people get on without paying? Of course!(人們會(huì)逃票上車嗎?當(dāng)然!)對(duì)乘客表現(xiàn)的提問(wèn)可知，本句要對(duì)檢票員(inspectors)是否盡到檢票責(zé)任提問(wèn)。因此C項(xiàng)check(檢查)符合原文語(yǔ)義。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)claim(宣稱)，B項(xiàng)prove(證明)和D項(xiàng)recall(記起)均不符合原文語(yǔ)義。
5. 【答案】B(ignored)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。借助前文Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few(有檢察員檢查大家是否支付嗎?可能有，但是很少)可知，本句對(duì)趕公交的人這個(gè)群體的提問(wèn)也涉及到是否買票的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)前文中各個(gè)群體的表現(xiàn)可知，他們買票與否很可能也無(wú)人注意。B項(xiàng)ignored(被忽視)符合語(yǔ)義，本題答案為B項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)threatened(被威脅)，C項(xiàng)mocked(被嘲弄)和D項(xiàng)blamed(被責(zé)備)均不符合原文語(yǔ)義。
6. 【答案】A(punctuality)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。本句為段首句，本段下文與段首句為總分關(guān)系，語(yǔ)義一致。借助下文中drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took(司機(jī)根據(jù)所用的時(shí)長(zhǎng)獲得8或懲罰)，以及And drivers hit their targets(司機(jī)們達(dá)到他們的目標(biāo))，可知，本句的target(目標(biāo))與時(shí)間有關(guān)。A項(xiàng)punctuality(準(zhǔn)時(shí))符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
干擾選項(xiàng)：B項(xiàng)hospitality(好客)，C項(xiàng)competition(競(jìng)爭(zhēng))和D項(xiàng)innovation(創(chuàng)新)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
7. 【答案】B(So)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。觀察選項(xiàng)可知，本題考查句間邏輯關(guān)系。比較前后兩句語(yǔ)義，即People complained that buses were late and infrequent(人們抱怨公交車晚點(diǎn)且班次較少)和the number of buses and bus lanes were increased(公交車和公交車道的數(shù)量增加)，可知二者為因果關(guān)系，即，人們抱怨為因，增加公交車數(shù)量為果。B項(xiàng)So(所以)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。本題答案為B項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)Yet(然而)，C項(xiàng)Besides(此外)和D項(xiàng)Still(仍然)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
8. 【答案】C(rewarded)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。or(或者)提示選擇關(guān)系，由or后面的punished(懲罰)可知，C項(xiàng)rewarded(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))符合原文邏輯，即，根據(jù)所花時(shí)長(zhǎng)，司機(jī)們或接受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)或遭受懲罰。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)hired(被雇傭)，B項(xiàng)trained(被培訓(xùn))和D項(xiàng)grouped(被分組)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
9. 【答案】D(also)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。觀察選項(xiàng)可知，本題考查句間邏輯關(guān)系。比較上句drivers hit these targets與本句they 9 hit cyclists，可發(fā)現(xiàn)，hit為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，提示兩句為平行結(jié)構(gòu)，D項(xiàng)also(也)符合原文邏輯，即，兩個(gè)hit兩個(gè)目標(biāo)：前者h(yuǎn)it到的是真正目標(biāo);后者h(yuǎn)it到的是cyclists，意為誤撞。由此引出設(shè)定目標(biāo)帶來(lái)的負(fù)面后果。本題答案為D項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)only(只有)，B項(xiàng)rather(寧可)和C項(xiàng)once(一旦)均不符合原文語(yǔ)義。
10. 【答案】B(revenue)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。根據(jù)后半句you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing(你將會(huì)看到更多檢票員和更敏感的價(jià)格)可知，本題與金錢有關(guān)。B項(xiàng)revenue(收益)符合原文語(yǔ)義。本題答案為B項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)comfort(舒適)，C項(xiàng)efficiency(效率)和D項(xiàng)security(安全)均不符合原文語(yǔ)義。
11. 【答案】C(cautious)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。本句選項(xiàng)均為修飾drivers(司機(jī))的形容詞，根據(jù)本句If the criterion changed to safety(如果把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)改為安全性)可知，修飾司機(jī)的形容詞需要體現(xiàn)司機(jī)安全駕駛的能力。因此D項(xiàng)cautious(謹(jǐn)慎的)符合原文語(yǔ)義，即，你將會(huì)看到更加謹(jǐn)慎且遵守交通規(guī)則的司機(jī)。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)friendly(友好的)，B項(xiàng)quiet(安靜的)和D項(xiàng)diligent(勤勉的)均不符合原文語(yǔ)義。
12. 【答案】B(problem)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。another提示本句與前文語(yǔ)義一致。根據(jù)上句But both these criterion would be at the expense of time(此處criterion可理解為target，意為：但這兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都將以犧牲時(shí)間為代價(jià))，可知，前文在說(shuō)設(shè)立目標(biāo)所致的負(fù)面影響。B項(xiàng)problem(問(wèn)題)可與前文的負(fù)面影響進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)，符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。本題答案為B項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)purpose(目的.)，C項(xiàng)prejudice(偏見(jiàn))和D項(xiàng)policy(政策)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
13. 【答案】D(noticed)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。比較各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義，A項(xiàng)reported(報(bào)道)，B項(xiàng)revealed(揭露)，C項(xiàng)admitted(承認(rèn))和D項(xiàng)noticed(注意到)，可知，D項(xiàng)符合原文語(yǔ)義，即：你是否注意到，飛機(jī)起飛遲了一小時(shí)，卻仍然準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)?本題答案為D項(xiàng)。
14. 【答案】B(trip)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。根據(jù)13題所在句語(yǔ)義“飛機(jī)起飛遲了一小時(shí)，卻仍然準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)”，及下句A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight(一小時(shí)的航程按兩個(gè)小時(shí)收費(fèi))可知，此處，航空公司改變的是trip(旅程、航程)應(yīng)花的時(shí)長(zhǎng)。本題答案為B項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)break(休息)，C項(xiàng)departure(離開(kāi))和D項(xiàng)transfer(轉(zhuǎn)移)均不符合原文語(yǔ)義。
15. 【答案】A(moral)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。the story指代前文航空公司為準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)而修改航班實(shí)際時(shí)長(zhǎng)，本句是對(duì)該故事的總結(jié)。A項(xiàng)moral(寓意)與story組成“the moral of the story”，意為“該故事的寓意”，符合原文語(yǔ)義。本題答案為A。
干擾選項(xiàng)：B項(xiàng)background(背景)，C項(xiàng)style(風(fēng)格)和D項(xiàng)form(形式)均不符合原文語(yǔ)義。
16. 【答案】C(sacrifice)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。one和others提示對(duì)比，and前后內(nèi)容語(yǔ)義相反。而且，本句與前一句所組成的結(jié)構(gòu)“Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others”與首段最后兩句的結(jié)構(gòu)Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted相似，語(yǔ)義也相近。借助首段對(duì)應(yīng)部分的the others become distorted可知，C項(xiàng)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系，即：選擇一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，你可能就要犧牲另一個(gè)。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)interpret(詮釋)，B項(xiàng)criticize(批評(píng))和D項(xiàng)tolerate(容忍)，均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
17. 【答案】D(cost)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。本句中的but提示前后語(yǔ)義相反。由前半句Everything can be done faster and made cheaper(每件事都可以完成得很快，成本很低)可知，D項(xiàng)cost(代價(jià))符合原文邏輯關(guān)系，即：但這是有代價(jià)的。本題答案為D項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)task(任務(wù))，B項(xiàng)secret(秘密)和C項(xiàng)product(產(chǎn)品)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
18. 【答案】C(relating to)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。本題考查連接multiple criteria和critical factors的形容詞短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義。比較各選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義，A項(xiàng)leading to(導(dǎo)致)，B項(xiàng)calling for(要求)，C項(xiàng)relating to(關(guān)于)和D項(xiàng)accounting for(對(duì)……作出解釋)，可知，C項(xiàng)符合原文語(yǔ)義，即，所有好的目標(biāo)都應(yīng)具有與關(guān)鍵因素(如時(shí)間、金錢、質(zhì)量和用戶反饋)相關(guān)的多個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。
19. 【答案】A(specify)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。not only ... but also提示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，借助understand可知，先確定目標(biāo)才能進(jìn)一步理解目標(biāo)，所以A項(xiàng)specify(明確規(guī)定)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系，即，訣竅是不僅要確定目標(biāo)的一個(gè)甚至兩個(gè)方面，而且要理解……。本題答案為A項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng)：B項(xiàng)predict(預(yù)測(cè))，C項(xiàng)restore(恢復(fù))和D項(xiàng)create(創(chuàng)造)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
20. 【答案】D(achieve)
【解析】語(yǔ)境題。比較各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義，A項(xiàng)modify(修改)，B項(xiàng)review(復(fù)習(xí))和C項(xiàng)present(展示)和D項(xiàng)achieve(實(shí)現(xiàn))，可知D項(xiàng)最符合原文語(yǔ)義，即，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)(achieve the objective)。本題答案為D。
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