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職稱英語(yǔ)考試句子分析技巧(2)
3.動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：在確認(rèn)動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)后，要注意審查其后面的賓語(yǔ)。要特別注意賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式還是應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞;賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是應(yīng)該帶to還是不應(yīng)該帶to;動(dòng)詞后帶的動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式的意義基本相同還是意義不同。如：
I don't remember...him at the last meeting.
A.to have seen B.see C.to see D.seeing
答案D
This house needs...，but we plan to wait until next summer
to do it.
A.to paint B.painted C.painting D.being painted
答案C
I am sorry...so long.
A.to have kept you waiting
B.keep you waiting
C.to keep you wait
D.keeping you wait
答案A
時(shí)態(tài)的一致：某些從句特別是賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)的影響，這種現(xiàn)象稱為時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)或時(shí)態(tài)的一致。因而在分析復(fù)合句時(shí)要注意主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。
主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用任何需要的時(shí)態(tài)。
It is said that a new hospital is going to be put up there next year.(現(xiàn)在時(shí)后接將來(lái)時(shí))
Do you know 他昨天為什么沒(méi)有來(lái)?
A.why he did not come yesterday
B.why he not come yesterday
C。why didn't he come yesterday
D.why did he not come yesterday
現(xiàn)在時(shí)后接過(guò)去時(shí)。答案A
I'll write to him when I arrive there.(主句將來(lái)時(shí)，從句現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)
主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般也用過(guò)去時(shí)。
�、�?gòu)木涞膭?dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
He told me that his uncle...(fly)to Britain the next month.
(答案would fly)
She told me that her daughter was doing her homework.
�、趶木渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，如：
She said she had seen the film before.
She said she had finished the work an hour before.
�、蹚木涞闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
She said she would come again.
He told me he would join the army the next year.
但是如果從句有表示過(guò)去的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作雖在主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
Johntold us hismotherdiedin 1967.
如果從句表示的是不受時(shí)間限制的真理或事實(shí)，即使主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
The teacher told the students water boils at 100C.
She said twice two is four.
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