Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again _1_ that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by _2_. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

　　A different and not mutually exclusive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4_ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_, people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting _9_ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many _10_ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.

　　But it doesn’t _11_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the _12_ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the _13_ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could _14_ strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the _15_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.

　　These days, because leisure time is relatively _16_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional _17_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel _18_,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself _19_ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for _20_ matters.

　　1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】答案為C。動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。作家學(xué)者警示人們技術(shù)會(huì)代替人類(lèi)勞動(dòng)。boast吹噓、自負(fù)。deny否認(rèn)。ensure確保。warning警示，警告。

　　2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】答案為A。上下文理解。根據(jù)后文富人會(huì)擁有所有資產(chǎn)，貧困地區(qū)也會(huì)扎堆，可以看出此處想表達(dá)不平等的意思。inequality不平等，instability不穩(wěn)定性，unreliability不可靠性，uncertainty不確定性。

　　3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】答案為D。詞義辨析。policy政策，guideline指導(dǎo)方針，resolution決心，prediction預(yù)測(cè)。該句意為：另外一種預(yù)測(cè)認(rèn)為……。

　　4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】答案為A。動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。該句意為未來(lái)社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)是無(wú)目的性。

　　5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】答案為B。詞義辨析，上下文理解。沒(méi)有了工作富裕生活的意義，人們會(huì)變得懶散沮喪。其他幾項(xiàng)不符合題意。

　　6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】答案為B。考查副詞。Indeed實(shí)際上，那些失業(yè)者生活并不美好。

　　7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】答案為C。上下文理解。前面提到失業(yè)的美國(guó)人在和工作的美國(guó)人做對(duì)比。

　　8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】答案為A。詞義辨析。死亡率升高，心理健康問(wèn)題等是因?yàn)闆](méi)有工資待遇較好的工作，這就解釋了原因問(wèn)題。Explanation符合題意。

　　9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】答案為D。介詞辨析。沒(méi)有受到良好教育的中年人中間這些問(wèn)題比較嚴(yán)重。

　　10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】答案為C。固定搭配意思辨析。Worry about擔(dān)心，leave behind丟棄，使落后make up 組成，set aside 留出，把……放在一旁。該句意為這就是為什么人們擔(dān)心未來(lái)無(wú)工作的無(wú)聊。

　　11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】答案為C。副詞詞義辨析。Necessarily必然地，statistically統(tǒng)計(jì)地，occasionally偶然地，economically經(jīng)濟(jì)上地。該句想表達(dá)并不必然的意思。

　　12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】答案為B。理解上下文。前面說(shuō)沒(méi)有工作會(huì)導(dǎo)致不安，這些觀念是來(lái)源于在職業(yè)概念的社會(huì)中失業(yè)的消極面。

　　13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】答案為A。固定搭配。In absence of 缺乏，in height of 在…高度，in face of 面臨，in course of 在…中。該句意為如果沒(méi)有工作，也就是in absence of job。

　　14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】答案為D。動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。沒(méi)有工作的社會(huì)能為人們帶來(lái)放松。Yield 有獲得，帶來(lái)的意思，disturb打擾，妨礙，restore恢復(fù)，交還，exclude排斥

　　15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】答案為C。詞義辨析。根據(jù)后面工作的缺點(diǎn)可以推測(cè)此處想表達(dá)工作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)被過(guò)分夸大了。virtue優(yōu)點(diǎn)，好處。

　　16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】答案為D。詞義辨析和上下文理解。休閑時(shí)間對(duì)工作人來(lái)說(shuō)相對(duì)較少。

　　17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】答案為A。詞義辨析。閑暇時(shí)間來(lái)平衡人們的智力和情感需求。

　　18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】答案為B。詞義理解。下班回到家感覺(jué)到疲憊。Starved饑餓的。

　　19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】答案為D。固定搭配和介詞使用。Throw into投身于，throw off擺脫，throw against扔掉，throw behind拋開(kāi)。投身到自己的愛(ài)好之中。

　　20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】答案為B。詞義辨析。一些需要專(zhuān)業(yè)技能的項(xiàng)目。

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

　　Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “l(fā)egacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches。 The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers。

　　Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

　　Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education。 Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

　　1.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has______.