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英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法必備之主謂倒裝(2)
2)具有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)(除否定詞修飾主語(yǔ)外),句子一般要寫(xiě)成部分倒裝句。這類詞或短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如:
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
她還沒(méi)來(lái)得及坐下來(lái),就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人敲門(mén)。
Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night .
他昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)鐘才睡覺(jué)。
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
我的妹妹們以前從未去過(guò)香港。
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我從新西蘭一回國(guó),就買(mǎi)了一棟房子并在那兒住下了。
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
就我所知,瑪利幾乎很難回來(lái)看她媽媽。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定詞修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子不用倒裝。) 去年秋天,這兒幾乎沒(méi)下一滴雨。
3)當(dāng)so, often, only等表示程度、頻率的副詞放在句首時(shí),句子一般要倒裝。例如:
Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有這樣,你才有可能想出解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法。
So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.
形勢(shì)如此地嚴(yán)峻,每個(gè)人都面臨著一場(chǎng)考驗(yàn)。
So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操勞過(guò)度以致最后病倒了。
4)當(dāng)there, here, then, now等副詞在句首,且謂語(yǔ)是come, go, be等動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子一般要全部倒裝。其意義在于引起他人的注意。如果這類句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞,則不用寫(xiě)成倒裝句。例如:
Now, here goes the story.這個(gè)故事是這樣的。
Look, there comes the taxi.瞧,出租車(chē)過(guò)來(lái)了。
Then came another question.然后又一個(gè)問(wèn)題提出來(lái)了。
Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下來(lái)是四年的解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
5) 當(dāng)out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或擬聲詞放在句首時(shí),句子一般要全部倒裝。這類子比自然語(yǔ)序的句子更為生動(dòng)、形象。但如果這類句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞,則不用寫(xiě)成倒裝句。例如:
Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了"愛(ài)司"。
Away flew the bird.那鳥(niǎo)飛走了。
Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.
突然進(jìn)來(lái)一個(gè)蒙著面具的人。
6) 其他情況還有:省略了if的虛擬條件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,等等也要用倒裝句式。例如:(省略了if的虛擬條件句)
Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.
如果沒(méi)有他們的幫助,我們不可能把那件事辦的如此成功。
Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him.
萬(wàn)一他來(lái)了,對(duì)他說(shuō):"公司沒(méi)人。"(某些表示祝愿的句子)
May our friendship last forever.愿我們的友誼常存!
May your company become prosperous.祝貴公司生意興隆!(某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
Try as I might, I couldn‘t lift the stone.無(wú)論我使多大的勁,我也無(wú)法搬起那塊石頭。
They said they would follow the Party‘s lead come what might.
他們說(shuō)無(wú)論發(fā)生什么情況,他們都會(huì)跟黨走的。
7) 由于修辭或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒裝句;也可以不用。這不是一條必須的規(guī)定。
Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .
這家飯店隔壁還有一家裝修華麗的大飯店。
On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.
這條大街的兩側(cè)都聳立著許多綜合樓。(這類句子也可以不用倒裝句。)
"I‘m leaving for Beijing tomorrow," said Tom to his mother (OR: Tom said to his mother) .湯姆對(duì)他媽媽說(shuō):"我明天動(dòng)身去北京。"
Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.
許多綜合樓聳立在這條大街的兩側(cè)。
Another grand hotel, which is beautifully decorated, is next to this one .
這家飯店隔壁還有一家大飯店,那家飯店裝修十分華麗。
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