考研英語一真題及答案完整版

　　在現(xiàn)實的學(xué)習(xí)、工作中，許多人都需要跟考試真題打交道，借助考試真題可以更好地檢查參考者的學(xué)習(xí)能力和其它能力。什么樣的考試真題才能有效幫助到我們呢？以下是小編整理的考研英語一真題及答案完整版，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

　　考研英語一真題及答案 1

　　Section 1 Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

　　Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes.That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .

　　The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."

　　The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now.10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it.There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than "functional kinship" of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes.Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.

　　The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population.The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.

　　Section II Reading Comprehension?

　　1、What

　　2、Concluded

　　3、On

　　4、Compared

　　5、Samples

　　6、Insignificant

　　7、Know

　　8、Resemble

　　9、Also

　　10、Perhaps

　　11、To

　　12、Drive

　　13、Ratherthan

　　14、Benefits

　　15、Faster

　　16、understand

　　17、Contributory

　　18、Tendency

　　19、Ethnic

　　20、see

　　Part A?

　　Directions:?

　　Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)?

　　TEXT 1

　　King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted"kings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep." But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?

　　The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" polities and "embody" a spirit of national unity.

　　It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state.And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.

　　Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.

　　The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters).Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.

　　While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.

　　It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style.The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.

　　21.According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain

　　[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.

　　[B]used to enjoy high public support.

　　[C]was unpopular among European royals.

　　[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.

　　22.Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly

　　[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.

　　[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.

　　[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.

　　[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.

　　23.Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?

　　[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.

　　[B] Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.

　　[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.

　　[D] The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.

　　24.The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles

　　[A]takes a tough line on political issues.

　　[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.

　　[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.

　　[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.

　　25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?

　　[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined

　　[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne

　　[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats

　　[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs

　　第21-25題答案

　　21.Dended his reign in embarrassment.

　　22.C owing to the undoubted and respectable status

　　23.A the role of the nobility in modern democracy

　　24.B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.

　　25.D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies

　　考研英語一真題及答案 2

　　Section II Reading Comprehension Part A

　　Directions: Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

　　How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise.This years rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last years, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.

　　Successive governments have pertted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.

　　However, over the past12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years.It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel.The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions.However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.

　　The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate.This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britains railways.Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently.The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

　　21.【題干】The author holds that this years increase in rail passengers fares_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.will ease train operations burden.

　　B.has kept pace with inflation.

　　C.is a big surprise to commuters.

　　D.remains an unreasonable measure.

　　【答案】D

　　22.【題干】The stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.car drivers

　　B.rail travellers

　　C.local investors

　　D.ordinary taxpayers

　　【答案】B

　　23.【題干】It is indicated in 3 that train operators_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.are offering compensations to commuters.

　　B.are trying to repair relations with the unions.

　　C.have failed to provide an adequate service.

　　D.have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.

　　【答案】C

　　24.【題干】If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.the loss of investment.

　　B.the collapse of operations.

　　C.a reduction of revenue

　　D.a change of ownership.

　　【答案】D

　　25.【題干】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　【選項】

　　A.Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?

　　B.Constant Complaining Doesnt Work

　　C.Can Nationalization Bring Hope?

　　D.Ever-rising Fares Arent Sustainable

　　【答案】D

　　Last year marked the third year in a row of that Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.One reason for the turnaround may be the countrys antipoverty program.

　　In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care.Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.Theyre already used in dozens of countries worldwide.In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.

　　But CCT programs dont generally consider effects on the environment.In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.

　　Thats because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.However, those correlations dont prove cause and effect.The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view.There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says.

　　Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though.Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesias poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation.Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.

　　Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012-including during Indonesias phase-in of the antipoverty program-in 7, 468 forested villages across 15 provinces and multiple islands.The duo separated the effects of the CCT program on forest loss from other factors, like weather and macroeconomic changes, which were also affecting forest loss.With that, "we see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation," Ferraro says.

　　Thats likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says.Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests.With the CCTs, individuals instead can use the money to supplement their harvests.

　　Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybodys guess.Ferraro suggests the importance of growing rice and market access.And regardless of transferability, the study shows that whats good for people may also be good for the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.

　　26.【題干】According to the first two paragraphs, CCT programs aim to_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.facilitate health care reform.

　　B.help poor families get better off.

　　C.improve local education systems.

　　D.lower deforestation rates.

　　【答案】B

　　27.【題干】The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.cattle rearing has been a major means of livelihood for the poor.

　　B.CCT programs have he helped preserve traditional lifestyles.

　　C.antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers.

　　D.economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation.

　　【答案】D

　　28.【題干】In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.its acceptance level of CCTs.

　　B.its annual rate of poverty alleviation.

　　C.the relation of ccts to its forest loss.

　　D.the role of its forests in climate change.

　　【答案】C

　　29.【題干】According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.it will benefit other Asian countries.

　　B.it will reduce regional inequality.

　　C.it can protect the environment.

　　D.it can boost grain production.

　　【答案】C

　　30.【題干】What is the text centered on?

　　【選項】

　　A.The effects of a program.

　　B.The debates over a program.

　　C.The process of a study.

　　D.The transferability of a study.

　　【答案】A

　　As a historian whos always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, Ive become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?).Ive found quite a few, and- since I started posting them on Twitter-they have been causing quite stir.People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh.They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.

　　Of course, I need to concede that my collection of Smiling Victorians makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.How do we explain this trend?

　　During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs.The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.

　　But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by todays digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous.Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.

　　One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin.“Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian maxim, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene.A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular pearly whites rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).

　　A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, prostitutes and buffoonish music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carrolls gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons.Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be "nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever".

　　31.【題干】According to Paragraph 1, the authors posts on Twitter._____

　　【選項】

　　A.changed peoples impression of the Victorians.

　　B.highlighted social medias role in Victorian studies.

　　C.re-evaluated the Victorians notion of public image.

　　D.illustrated the development of Victorian photography.

　　【答案】A

　　32.【題干】What does author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected? _____

　　【選項】

　　A.They are in popular use among historians.

　　B.They are rare among photographs of that age.

　　C.They mirror 19th-century social conventions.

　　D.They show effects of different exposure times.

　　【答案】B

　　33.【題干】What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s? _____

　　【選項】

　　A.Their inherent social sensitiveness.

　　B.Their tension before the camera.

　　C.Their distrust of new inventions.

　　D.Their unhealthy dental condition.

　　【答案】D

　　34.【題干】Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.a deep-root belief.

　　B.a misguided attitude.

　　C.a controversial view.

　　D.a thought-provoking idea.

　　【答案】A

　　35.【題干】Which of the following questions does the text answer?_____

　　【選項】

　　A.Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?

　　B.Why did the Victorians start view photographs?

　　C.What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?

　　D.How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?

　　【答案】A

　　From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals.Thats why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet.

　　Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill-in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts.A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight.At issue before the U.S.Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017.The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commissions authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything.The order also declared that state and local governments couldnt regulate broadband providers either.

　　The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV.Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals streaming services but not their own.

　　On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move.But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to "avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism."

　　In the meantime, the court threw out the FCCs attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commissions power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order.That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCCs abdication.

　　The endless legal battles and back-and-for at the FCC cry out for Congress to act.It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.

　　36.【題干】There has long been concern that broadband provides would_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.bring web-based firms under control.

　　B.slow down the traffic on their network.

　　C.show partiality in treating clients.

　　D.intensify competition with their rivals.

　　【答案】C

　　37.【題干】Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the Fcc_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.Sticks to an out-of-date order.

　　B.Takes an anti-regulatory stance.

　　C.Has issued a special resolution.

　　D.Has allowed the states to intervene.

　　【答案】B

　　38.【題干】What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3?

　　【選項】

　　A.It protects against unfair competition.

　　B.It engages in anti-competitive practices.

　　C.It is under the FCCs investigation.

　　D.It is in pursuit of quality service.

　　【答案】B

　　39.【題干】Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals courts decision_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.focuses on trivialities.

　　B.conveys an ambiguous message.

　　C.is at odds with its earlier rulings.

　　D.is out of touch with reality.

　　【答案】D

　　40.【題干】What does the author argue in the last paragraph?

　　【選項】

　　A.Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.

　　B.The FCC should be put under strict supervision.

　　C.Rules need to be set to diversify online services.

　　D.Broadband providers rights should be protected.

　　【答案】A

　　Section II Reading Comprehension Part B

　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

　　In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life.When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-mass unemployment predictions?

　　A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use Al more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities.One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.

　　Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:

　　Better hiring practices

　　Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions."There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does," says Pedro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science _____(41)One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor.It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.

　　More effective marketing

　　Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates.One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates.This can mean millions more in revenue._____(42)There are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H.Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.

　　Saving customers money

　　Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills saving them money while helping the environment.Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity.Insurance companies meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk."Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much," says Domingos, _____(43)

　　Improved accuracy

　　Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable," says Winston.It "helps people make smarter decisions." _____(44)

　　Protecting and maintaining infrastructure

　　A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen."If they fail first and then you fix them, its very expensive," says Domingos._____(45)

　　[A] I replaces the boring parts of your job.If youre doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldnt have time for.

　　[B] One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit.This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

　　[C] There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

　　[D] You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where its useful for employees to go to.

　　[E] Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

　　[F] Were also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

　　[G] AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

　　41.【題干】41._____.

　　【選項】

　　A.A

　　B.B

　　C.C

　　D.D

　　E.E

　　F.F

　　G.G

　　【答案】G

　　42.【題干】42._____.

　　【選項】

　　A.A

　　B.B

　　C.C

　　D.D

　　E.E

　　F.F

　　G.G

　　【答案】C

　　43.【題干】43._____.

　　【選項】

　　A.A

　　B.B

　　C.C

　　D.D

　　E.E

　　F.F

　　G.G

　　【答案】E

　　44.【題干】44._____.

　　【選項】

　　A.A

　　B.B

　　C.C

　　D.D

　　E.E

　　F.F

　　G.G

　　【答案】B

　　45.【題干】45._____.

　　【選項】

　　A.A

　　B.B

　　C.C

　　D.D

　　E.E

　　F.F

　　G.G

　　【答案】D

　　考研英語一真題及答案 3

　　PartⅠ Listening Comprehension

　　Section A Mini-lecture

　　1.parts of language

　　2.other features

　　3.rhythm

　　4.having the ability

　　5.a particular subject

　　6.knowledge or experience

　　7.reinterpreting

　　8.predicting/making predictions

　　9.types of predictions

　　10.contents

　　Section B Interview

　　1.Theresa thinks that the present government is ___D___.

　　[A] doing what they have promised to schools

　　[B] creating opportunities for leading universities

　　[C] considering removing barriers for state school pupils

　　[D] reducing opportunities for state school pupils

　　2.What does Theresa see as a problem in secondary schools now? C

　　[A]Universities are not working hard to accept state school pupils.

　　[B]The number of state pupils applying to Oxford fails to increase.

　　[C]The government has lowered state pupils expectations.

　　[D] Leading universities are rejecting state school pupils.

　　3.In Theresas view, school freedom means that schools should __B__.

　　[A] be given more funding from education authorities

　　[B] be given all the money and decide how to spend it

　　[C] be granted greater power to run themselves

　　[D] be given more opportunities and choices

　　4.According to Theresa, who decides or decide money for schools at the present?A

　　[A] Local education authorities and the central government.

　　[B] Local education authorities and secondary schools together.

　　[C] Local education authorities only.

　　[D] The central government only.

　　5.Throughout the talk, the interviewer does all the following EXCEPT _C___.

　　[A] asking for clarification

　　[B] challenging the interviewee

　　[C] supporting the interviewee

　　[D] initiating topics

　　Section C News Broadcast

　　News Item 1

　　6.What is the main idea of the news item?C

　　[A] Fewer people watch TV once a week.

　　[B] Smartphones and tablets have replaced TV.

　　[C] New technology has led to more family time.

　　[D] Bigger TV sets have attracted more people.

　　News Item 2

　　7.How many lawmakers voted for the marijuana legalization bill?A

　　[A] 50.[B] 12.

　　[C] 46.[D] 18.

　　8.The passing of the bill means that marijuana can be__D___.

　　[A] bought by people under 18

　　[B] made available to drug addicts

　　[C] provided by the government

　　[D] bought in drug stores

　　News Item 3

　　9.What did the review of global data reveal? B

　　[A]Diarrhea is a common disease.

　　[B]Good sanitation led to increase in height.

　　[C]There were many problems of poor sanitation.

　　[D] African children live in worse sanitary conditions.

　　10.The purpose of Dr.Alan Dangours study was most likely to ___A___.

　　[A]examine links between sanitation and death from illness

　　[B] look into factors affecting the growth of children

　　[C] investigate how to tackle symptoms like diarrhea

　　[D] review and compare conditions in different countries

　　PartⅡ Reading Comprehension

　　Text A

　　11.According to the author, shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPT that _C___.

　　[A] they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchase

　　[B]they eventually find the purchase too expensive

　　[C] they change their mind out of uncertainty

　　[D] they regret making the purchase without forethought

　　12.What is the purpose of the experiment in the bookstore?D

　　[A] To see which promotion method is preferred by customers.

　　[B]To find out the strengths and weaknesses of both methods.

　　[C] To try to set up a new retailer-customer relationship.

　　[D] To see the effect of an approach on customers decisions.

　　13.Why does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?B

　　[A]To compare similar responses in different settings.

　　[B] To provide further evidence for his own observation.

　　[C] To offer a scientific account of the brains functions.

　　[D] To describe emotional responses in online shopping.

　　14.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A

　　[A]Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.

　　[B] Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.

　　[C] Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.

　　[D] Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.

　　Text B

　　15.In the first paragraph, the author suggests that__C__.

　　[A]a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQ

　　[B]her professor brother cares too much about IQ

　　[C]we need examples of how to follow ones heart

　　[D]she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal

　　16.According to the passage, all the following are Twists characteristics EXCEPT_A___.

　　[A]resignation

　　[B]patience

　　[C]forgiveness

　　[D]tenacity

　　17.According to the context, the meaning of the word "square"is closest to__C__.

　　[A]fast

　　[B]blindly

　　[C]straight

　　[D]stubbornly

　　18.ThatTwists devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that__D__.

　　[A]Twist is capable of looking after the girls

　　[B]Twist and the girls have become friends

　　[C]Twist knows how to follow the girls

　　[D]Twists loyalty helps the girls grow up

　　19.What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?C

　　[A]Difficulties in raising her children.

　　[B]Worries about what to buy for kids.

　　[C]Gratitude to Twist for her role.

　　[D]Concerns about schooling and religion.

　　Text C

　　20.That it tottered on the borders of senile decay means that the lorry was___B______.

　　[A] about to break down

　　[B] a very old vehicle

　　[C] unable to travel the distance

　　[D] a dangerous vehicle

　　21.Which of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?C

　　[A] Flush.

　　[B] Borders.

　　[C] Operations.

　　[D] Gasping.

　　22.We learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lorry as ____A_____.

　　[A] inevitable and amusing

　　[B].dangerous and frightening

　　[C] novel and unexpected

　　[D] welcome and interesting

　　23.All the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a human EXCEPT__B__ .

　　[A] trembling

　　[B] spouting

　　[C] shuddering

　　[D] crept

　　24.We can infer from the passage that the author was __D____.

　　[A] bored by the appearance of the grasslands ahead

　　[B] reluctant to do any walking in so hot a climate

　　[C] unfriendly towards the local driver and boys

　　[D] a little surprised to have to help drive the lorry

　　25.A suitable title for the passage would be __D_____.

　　[A] A journey that scared me

　　[B] A journey to remember

　　[C] The wild West African lorry

　　[D] A comic journey in West Africa

　　Text D

　　26.According to the passage, which of the following serves as the BEST reason for the similarity in urban green space throughout the West?D

　　[A] Climate.

　　[B] Geography.

　　[C] Functional purposes.

　　[D] Design principles.

　　27.The following are all features of future urban green space EXCEPT that __A__.

　　[A] each city has its distinct style of urban green space

　　[B] urban landscape will focus more on cultural history

　　[C] urban green space will be designed to serve many uses

　　[D] more green cover will be seen on city roofs and walls

　　28.Why are some local residents opposed to "xeriscaping"?D

　　[A] It cannot reduce water requirements.

　　[B] It has proved to be too costly.

　　[C] It is not suited for the local area.

　　[D] It does not have enough advantages.

　　29.According to the passage, if planners adopt an asset-based approach, they will probably_A___ .

　　[A] incorporate the areas natural and cultural heritage into their design

　　[B] make careful estimation of the areas natural resources before designing

　　[C] combine natural resources and practical functions in their design

　　[D] envision more purposes for urban landscaping in their design

　　30.According to the passage, future landscaping designs will rely more on __B__ .

　　[A] human assumptions

　　[B] field work

　　[C] scientific estimation

　　[D] laboratory work

　　Part ⅢGeneral Knowledge

　　31.Which party is in power now in the UK?A

　　[A]The Conservative Party.

　　[B]The Labour Party.

　　[C]The Liberal Democrats.

　　[D]The Scottish National Party.

　　32.Which of the following lakes does Canada share with the United States?D

　　[A]Lake Winnipeg.

　　[B]The Great Slave Lake.

　　[C]The Great Bear Lake.

　　[D]The five Great Lakes.

　　33.U.S.senators serve for __B__ years after they are elected.

　　[A]four

　　[B]six

　　[C]three

　　[D]two

　　34.Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers? D

　　[A]The Eskimos.

　　[B]The Maori.

　　[C]The Indians.

　　[D]The Aborigines.

　　35._A___is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems.

　　[A]Robert Browning

　　[B]W.B.Yeats

　　[C]William Blake

　　[D]William Wordsworth

　　36.Which of the following is a contemporary British poet?A

　　[A]Ted Hughes.

　　[B]William Wordsworth.

　　[C]E.E.Cummings.

　　[D]Carl Sandburg.

　　37.Who was the author of Moby-Dick?C

　　[A]Nathaniel Hawthorne.

　　[B]Ralph Waldo Emerson.

　　[C]Herman Melville.

　　[D]Washington Irving.

　　38.The words "tennis, badminton, golf, basketball and football" constitute a _C___ field.

　　[A]semantic

　　[B]connotative

　　[C]conceptual

　　[D]collocative

　　39.A: Do you like ice cream? B: Yes, I do.

　　This is an example of _B___.

　　[A]reference

　　[B]substitution

　　[C]conjunction

　　[D]ellipsis

　　40.Which of the following is a voiceless consonant?C

　　[A][ j ]

　　[B][ w ]

　　[C][ p ]

　　[D][ l ]

　　Part ⅣProofreading & Error Correction

　　1.Looked→Looking

　　2.and→but

　　3.complimentary→compliment

　　4.it→去掉it

　　5.very→too

　　6.∧which→in

　　7.specially→especially或particularly

　　8.for→about

　　9.aspect→case

　　10.been→去掉been

　　Part Ⅴ Translation

　　Section A Chinese to English

　　原文呈現(xiàn)：

　　茶花(camellia)的自然花期在12月至翌年4月，以紅色系為主，另有黃色系和白色系等，花色艷麗。本屆花展充分展示了茶花的品種資源和科研水平，是近三年來本市規(guī)模最大的一屆茶花展。為了使廣大植物愛好者有更多與茶花親密接觸的機(jī)會，本屆茶花展的`布展范圍延伸至整個園區(qū)，為賞花游客帶來便利。

　　此次茶花展歷時2個月，展期內(nèi)200多個茶花品種將陸續(xù)亮相。

　　參考譯文：

　　Camellias flowering period starts from December and ends in the next April，and the colors of the flowers are bright and showy with red in majority, yellow, white and other colors in minority.Its the citys largest camellia show in recent three years, which fully displays camellias various species as well as humans scientific research level of it.In order to provide the majority of plant-lovers with more opportunities to closely appreciate the beauty of camellia, the area of the Camellia Show is extended to the whole garden so that it can bring more convenience for the visitors.

　　The Camellia Show takes over two months, in which more than 200 various camellias will be presented successively.

　　Section B English to Chinese

　　原文呈現(xiàn)：

　　At its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions.One is, What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language? In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not always fully aware of this knowledge.A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge.Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts, whereas explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts.We sometimes know how to do something without knowing how we do it.For instance, a baseball pitcher (投手) might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups that are involved in this act.Similarly, we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and knowing what processes are involved in producing speech.Generally speaking, much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit.

　　參考譯文：

　　心理語言學(xué)的研究包括兩個核心問題。第一，我們使用語言需要什么語言知識?從某種意義上說，我們必須擁有某種語言的知識才能使用該語言，但卻并不總是能完全意識到這種知識。我們可能要對隱性知識和顯性知識加以區(qū)分。隱性知識是指如何執(zhí)行各種動作所擁有的知識，而顯性知識是指在這些動作中使用的過程或者機(jī)制所蘊(yùn)含的知識。有時，我們知道如何做某事，卻無法說出我們是怎么做的。比如，一名棒球投手可能知道如何以每小時90英里的速度把球拋出去，但對有關(guān)參與此活動的肌群的顯性知識卻知之甚少，或一無所知。同樣地，我們知道如何說話，但卻不清楚言語產(chǎn)生包含哪些過程。總的來說，我們的大多數(shù)語言知識都是隱性知識而非顯性知識。

　　Part Ⅵ Writing

　　參考范文：

　　My Views on the Sharing Economy

　　The sharing economy refers to the economic pattern in which people share access to resources, such as goods, services and data.This newly emerging trend would be impossible without the development of technology.It is the Internet that makes the sharing cheaper and easier and helps to strike a balance between supply and demand.Time magazine has listed the sharing economy as one of the "10 ideas that will change the world".As far as the comment is concerned, I cannot agree with Time more.

　　As one of the greatest benefits of the digital age, the sharing economy arises from our oldest instinct as human beings.There is always an urge for us to connect with others, especially in an era when families are scattered and we do not really know the people who live nearby.It has been said that "Joys shared with others are more enjoyed." However, in my eyes, the resources shared with others are more beneficial to our society.

　　On the one hand, sharing economy leads to a more efficient use of resources.Some items are expensive to buy but widely owned by people who do not make the best use of them.Occasional sharing may provide extra income for the owners and can be less costly for the borrowers.If managed well, a win-win situation is achieved for both parties in the process.Besides, sharing economy contributes to environmental protection.Take accommodation for example.The more hotels are built, the more resources are required, which might in turn result in a decrease in arable land and public green space.On the other hand, the transaction cost is reduced due to the use of Internet and various apps.With a smart phone in your hand, it is not difficult to find a potential host in the neighboring area.People are meeting increasingly on screens, discussing online and purchasing goods domestic and overseas, paying through Internet payment system.

　　To summarize, although the sharing economy is not perfect at present because of concerns in insurance, legal liability, safety and the like, I believe, quite firmly, that it represents the future trend and has the power to change the world for the convenience and flexibility it brings to us.Just as the old Chinese saying goes, the defects cannot obscure the virtues of a splendid jade, and I assume it also applies to the sharing economy.

　　考研英語一真題及答案 4

　　For the past severalyears, the Sunday newspaper supplement Paradehas featured a column called "Ask Marilyn." People are invited to query Marilynvos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 - the highest score ever recorded.IQtests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper afterit has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among othersimilar tasks.So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queriesfrom the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between loveand fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? ①Itsnot obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numericalpatterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poetsand philosophers.

　　Clearly, intelligenceencompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart?How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about itfrom neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?

　　The defining term ofintelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests arenot given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms:the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales(both come in adult and childrens version).Generally costing several hundreddollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations ofthem populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.②Superhigh scores like vos Savants are nolonger possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical populationdistribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by thechronological age and multiplying by 100.Other standardized tests,such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

　　Such standardized testsmay not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and inlife, argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article "How Intelligent IsIntelligence Testing?", ③Sternberg notes that traditionaltest best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativityand practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and lifesuccess.Moreover, IQ test do not necessarilypredict so well once populations or situations change.Research has found thatIQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stressconditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated withleadership - that is, it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled throughSAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing whento guess or what questions to skip.

　　1.Which of the following may be required in anintelligent test?

　　[A] Answeringphilosophical questions.

　　[B] Foldingor cutting paper into different shapes.

　　[C] Tellingthe difference between certain concepts.（D）

　　[D] Choosingwords or graphs similar to the given ones.

　　2.What can be inferred about intelligence testingfrom Paragraph 3?

　　[A] People nolonger use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

　　[B] Moreversions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

　　[C] The testcontents and formats for adults and children may be different.（C）

　　[D]Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

　　3.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scoresas high as vos Savants because

　　[A] thescores are obtained through different computational procedures.

　　[B]creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

　　[C] vosSavants case is an extreme one that will not repeat.（A）

　　[D] thedefining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

　　4.We can conclude from the last paragraph that

　　[A] testscores may not be reliable indicators of ones ability.

　　[B] IQ scoresand SAT results are highly correlated.

　　[C] testinginvolves a lot of guesswork.（A）

　　[D]traditional test are out of date.

　　5.What is the authors attitude towards IQ test?

　　[A]Supportive.

　　[B]Skeptical.

　　[C]Impartial.（B）

　　[D] Biased.

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