主謂一致用法詳解及練習(xí)題附答案
．主謂一致
主謂一致是指一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)主謂一致一般要遵循三條原則，即：語(yǔ)法一致原則；意義一致原則和就近原則。
1.語(yǔ)法一致原則
語(yǔ)法一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和它的主語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上必須取得一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：
Tom doesn’t like swimming. 湯姆不喜歡游泳。
Jane and Mary look alike. 簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗看起來(lái)很像。
意義一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)的一致，同由主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的單數(shù)概念來(lái)決定，而不是根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的實(shí)際語(yǔ)法形式。有時(shí)主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式是單數(shù)，但所表達(dá)的概念是復(fù)數(shù)意義，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：
The football team are having breakfast now. 足球隊(duì)員們?cè)诔栽顼垺?/p>
The news was exciting. 這條消息令人振奮。
3.就近原則
就近原則指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要在形式上與最靠近它的那個(gè)名詞或代詞取得一致。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)而它們又是either...or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, or 等連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致，如：
Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的學(xué)生們或王老師知道這件事。
Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 湯姆和他的朋友們都對(duì)這部電影不感興趣。
主謂一致這三個(gè)原則中有很多需要注意的問(wèn)題，
1.主語(yǔ)為集體名詞
(1)某些集體名詞既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復(fù)數(shù)。如果集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：
Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我們小組成員正對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行熱烈的討論。（group 指小組成員） Our group is made up of four girls and five boys. 我們小組有4個(gè)女孩和5個(gè)男孩組成。（group 指小組整體）
The population in China is very large, and one third of the population are farmers.
中國(guó)的人口很多，其中三分之一是農(nóng)民。（前一個(gè)population 指整體，后一個(gè)population 指成員）
(2)某些集體名詞如people, police, cattle, youth 等常作復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與復(fù)數(shù)形式的`謂語(yǔ)搭配，如：
The police are searching for him. 警察正在搜尋他。
The cattle were driven away from the hill. 那些牲畜從山上被趕走了。
3.某些名詞如equipment（設(shè)備），furniture（家具），jewelry（珠寶），clothing（衣服），machinery（機(jī)械），表示單數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要相應(yīng)地采用單數(shù)形式,如：
A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 許多舊設(shè)備已經(jīng)被新設(shè)備代替了。
All the machinery in the factory was controlled by robots. 這個(gè)廠所有的機(jī)械都由機(jī)器人來(lái)控制的。
2.主語(yǔ)為代詞
(1)．有些代詞盡管意義上是多數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，這類(lèi)代詞有：either, neither, each, another, somebody, someone, something, anything, anyone, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody 等，如：
Neither likes the friends of the other. 兩人都不喜歡對(duì)方的朋友。
Everything around us is matter. 我們周?chē)械臇|西都是物質(zhì)。
注意：
① 在neither of 與either of 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：
Neither of them was / were in good health, but both worked hard.
他們倆身體都不好，但工作卻都很努力。
② each 用于單數(shù)名詞前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, each 用于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。each of, each one of 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
Each (one) of the houses was different. 每座房子都不同。
Each student has been given their own e-mail address. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都得到了一個(gè)自己的電子郵件地址。
They each have their own car.他們每個(gè)人都有自己的車(chē)。
(2).none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，這要取決于說(shuō)話人的看法，如：
None of us seem to have thought of it. 似乎我們?nèi)紱](méi)有想到這一點(diǎn)。
None of us has got a camera. (None = Not a single one)我們都沒(méi)有照相機(jī)。
(3).both, (a) few, many, several 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：
Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones. 這兩種儀器并不都是精密儀器。
(4).all 作主語(yǔ)表示人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如：
All is well that ends well. 結(jié)果好一切都好。
All are eager to reach an agreement. 大家都急于達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。
(5).either…or…; neither…or; not only; but also; or 連接時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致，如：
Not only Mary but also her parents have agreed to go there. 不但瑪麗而且她的父母都同意去那兒。
He or they are to blame ?他還是他們要受懲罰？
主謂一致中還有其它一些問(wèn)題也是高考�？嫉臒狳c(diǎn)，下面補(bǔ)充一下這些語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。
1.“a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語(yǔ)，表示“許多”之意，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的數(shù)目”，“……的數(shù)量”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù), 如：
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
被邀請(qǐng)的人數(shù)是50人，但很多人因各自不同的原因沒(méi)有到席。
2.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與of后面的名詞保持一致，如：
More than 70 percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. 地球表面70％的地方被水覆蓋。
3。.主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, but, along with, like, except, besides, including, in addition to, rather than, as much as, as well as, no less than 等短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常和這些短語(yǔ)前面的名詞或代詞保持一致，如：
E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.
電子郵件及電話在日常交往中起著重要的作用。
4.表示數(shù)量、距離、金錢(qián)、時(shí)間、書(shū)名等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如：
There thousand dollars has been spent on books. 這本書(shū)花了3000美元。
Ten kilometers is a long way. 一萬(wàn)里是一段很長(zhǎng)的行程。
5.由and 連接并列名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果是指兩個(gè)或更多個(gè)人或物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)；如果是指同一人或物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。這時(shí)，and 后面的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞，如：
The singer and dancer is to attend our English party. 這位既是歌唱家又是演員的人將參加我們的英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。
6.不定式短語(yǔ)，-ing 短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，如：
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么時(shí)間，什么地方建這個(gè)新工廠還沒(méi)有決定。
7.“the +形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the black, the white, the dead, the living 等，當(dāng)它們用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，如：
The old are well looked after by the government. 老年人受到政府極好的照顧。
8.在“one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)one 前有the only, the very 等修飾時(shí)，one 是先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如：
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.
他是唯一一個(gè)連續(xù)三年獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的人。
She is one of the few girls who are well paid in the kindergarten. 她是在幼兒園薪水很高少數(shù)幾個(gè)女孩中的一個(gè)。
9.Quantity + of +名詞用作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和quantity 保持一致，如：
As a result of destroying the forests, quantities of desert have covered the land.
由于森林受到了破壞，大量的沙漠覆蓋了土地。
10. “more than one ＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù):More than one teachers gets the dictionaries.
“many a ＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)：Many a workers has been sent to build the dam．
[主謂一致]
1.About 60 percent of the students ________ from the south,the rest of them ________ from the north and foreign countries. A.are;is B.are;are C.is;are D.is;is
2.Half of the workers here ________ under 30 ________.
A.is;years B.are;year old C.is;years old D.are;years of age
3.Now Tom with his classmates ________ football on the playground.
A.play B.are playing C.plays D.is playing
4.The number of pages in this dictionary ________ about two thousand.
A.are B.has C.have D.is
5.Thirty dollars ________ too expensive.
A.are B.is主謂一致用法詳解及練習(xí)題附答案 C.were D.be
6.The secretary and principal ________ at the meeting now.
A.are speaking B.is speaking
C.were making a speech D.have a speech
7.“If anybody ________,please put down ________ name,”said the teacher to the monitor.
A.wants to buy the book;his B.want to buy the book;their
C.will buy the book;one’s D.wants to have the book bought;her
8.Nothing but one desk and six chairs ________ in the room.
A.are B.is stayed C.is D.are left
9.Between the two roads ________ a TV tower called“Skyscraper Tower”.
A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand
10.Either of you ________ going there tonight.
A.will B.was C.is D.are
11.You as well ________ right.
A.I are B.I am C.as I am D.as I are
12.All but Dick ________ in Class Three this term.
A.are B.is C.were D.was
13.Where to get the materials and how to get them ________ at the meeting.
A.have not discussed B.have not been discussed
C.has not discussed D.has not been discussed
14.I took mathematics and physics because I think that ________ very important for me to make further research in this field.
A.what is B.they are C.this D.which are
15.Every student and every teacher ________.
A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meeting
C.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting
主謂一致：
1.解析：分?jǐn)?shù)和rest作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)應(yīng)與它們后面的中心名詞保持一致。答案：B
2.解析：half作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要與half后面的名詞保持一致。workers是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也要用復(fù)數(shù)。答案：D
3.解析：Tom是主語(yǔ)，with...是狀語(yǔ)。答案：D
4.解析：the number作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。答案：D
5.解析：度、量、衡作主語(yǔ)，把它作為一個(gè)整體看待，視為單數(shù)。答案：B
6.解析：the secretary and principal 只有一個(gè)冠詞，一身兼兩職：是書(shū)記也是校長(zhǎng)。答案：B
7.解析：anybody作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)；泛指一個(gè)人（的）一般用he （his）。答案：A
8.解析：nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。答案：C
9.解析：主語(yǔ)是a TV tower。這是一個(gè)完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：A
10.解析：either作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。答案：C
11.解析：主語(yǔ)是you。as well as I（不僅是我）是狀語(yǔ)。答案：D
12.解析：All是主語(yǔ)，它在這兒指人，所以應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)。答案：A
13.解析：兩個(gè)不定式的動(dòng)詞相同，屬于同一概念，所以謂語(yǔ)仍然用單數(shù)。答案：D
14.解析：they代替“mathematics and physics”。答案：B
15.解析：every+n. and every+n.屬于同一概念。答案：C
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