研究生英語期末考試復習資料

研究生英語考試（第二學期）復習資料

詞匯

第一單元

1.stunning 令人振奮的 2.giggle 傻笑 3.paradox 悖論

4.inarticulate 口齒不清 5.bestow 授予 7.quip 嘲弄

8.execrable 惡劣的 9.adroit 敏感的 10.poise 平衡 11.etiquette 禮節(jié) 12.comport 行為 13.well off 富足

15.get possession of 取得所有權(quán) 16.put one’s mind to sth全神貫注 17.come up with提出 19.on the right track 在正軌上

21.fall flat失�。ㄖ笡]達到效果）

第二單元

1.edition 版本

2.perspicacious 聰明，理解力強 3.nicety 理解 規(guī)矩

5.Betoken代表 象征 6.raw 純天然的

7.callow 年輕無經(jīng)驗的 8.ritualistic 習慣的 9.sacrificial 犧牲

10.proclivity 喜好 天性 11.penetrate 穿透 滲透 13.prone 傾向于 14.pamper寵溺

15.cynic 憤世嫉俗的人

16.one-up 高人一等 勝人一籌 17.reciprocity 互惠互利 18.altruism 利他主義

19.at face value 表面上看來 21.measure up

第五單元

1.fallacy 錯誤的觀點 2.totter 搖擺地走 4.scepticism 懷疑

5.indubitable 毋庸置疑的 6.Exterminate 滅絕的

7.sober （沒喝酒的）清醒 8.haunt 縈繞

9.fatalistically 必然發(fā)生的 10.ascertain 確定 12.discord 不和諧（n） 13.Interlude 插曲 14.mundane 平淡的 15.preclude 阻止 16.elude 逃跑

17.allegiance 效忠 忠誠

19.concentrated 集中的 濃縮的 21.dogmatic 武斷的 教條的

第六單元

1.languish 衰退 3.garner 獲得 4.rue 后悔 5.glum 陰沉的

6.spawn (n:幼子)（v:引起） 7.niche 天地（合適的職業(yè)） 8.feign 假裝

9.shuddered 發(fā)抖 震動 11.banal 非常平淡的 12.aggrandize 擴充 13.punitive 懲罰 14.infuriate 暴怒 15.bashful 害羞的 16.Interject插嘴

17.flat-out 平平展展 無保留的 18.poke fun at嘲弄 嘲笑 19.carved out 開鑿 23.numbing 麻木的

第七單元

misty-eyed 含淚的 傷感的 quip 嘲弄

snob 自大 勢利小人 arbiter 仲裁者

enticement 誘惑，引誘n. sprint 短跑

absolve 免除 赦免

ferocious 兇猛的 激烈的 besmirch 損害 誹謗

iconoclastic打破傳統(tǒng)觀念的 anecdote 奇聞，軼事 nonetheless 盡管如此 shenanigan 惡作劇，詭計 fortify 增加，加固，加強vt. swig 大喝大飲 ominous 不詳?shù)?stimulant 興奮劑 Pentathlon 五項全能 take bribes 受賄 viciously 惡意滴

Susceptible 易受...影響 conjecture 猜想 推測 n. vi.

impersonator 演員 模仿藝人的人 bleak 陰冷的 荒涼的

skulduggery 作假 欺詐 n.

frailty 脆弱 虛弱（身體意志上） roll around 循環(huán)往復 反復出現(xiàn)

by fair means or foul 以公正或不公正的方法

take a dive 故意輸?shù)舯荣?fork over 不情愿地交出

under one’s own steam 孤立無援 disqualify 取消...的資格 fall off 減少下降 subscribe 贊成 vt show me up 丟臉 approaches vi.靠近 pay off 付清，賄賂 cramp vt. 束縛 限制

第八單元

complaisance 討好，殷勤 banish 驅(qū)逐

egotism 利己主義,z自負 impertinent 無禮的 infallible 絕對無誤的 insipid 枯燥乏味的

preamble 前言 序言 先兆 relator 敘述者 incense 使發(fā)怒

gallantry 殷勤 勇敢n. deform 使...變形

counterbalance vt.使平衡，抵消 studied 故意的

abject 凄慘的，卑下的 abhor 厭惡 vt. antipathy 反感 n.

genteel 文雅的（裝的）有教養(yǎng)的 aversion 厭惡 n. arcanum 秘密 adieu 告別

depend upon it 毫無疑問

do justice to sb 公平對待sb,使sb的價值充分發(fā)揮

Make amends(to sb)for(sth)補償，賠償....損失。

deservedly 理所應當?shù)�，應得�?throw out 否決 misplaced 錯位的 grudge懷恨妒忌

英譯漢 第七單元

1.Every four years, when the Olympics roll around again, journalists seem automatically to recycle those misty-eyed notions about “Good Old Days”.（每逢四年一度的奧運盛會，記者們似乎總會自然而然地把“過去的好時光”那些模糊的概念重新炒作一番。）

2.In fact, the mythology of a perfect Olympic is the modern invention of snobs and self-styled purists, perpetuated by sports writers---and television commentators at a loss to fill air time.(para.2 lines8-11)（事實上，曾有過完美的奧運會的神話只是現(xiàn)代的勢利小人和一群自封的純粹主義者的杜撰，通過體育文章撰稿人和轉(zhuǎn)播期間設(shè)法填補空白時間的電視評論員流傳下來。）

3.But these arbiters were often susceptible to financial enticements--- and treats.(para.5 lines27-29）（這些比賽的主宰者往往經(jīng)不起金錢以及盛宴的誘惑）

4.Just before President Teddy Roosevelt’s daughter was to give him his medal, it was discovered that Lorz had not, after all, gone the entire distance under his own steam.(para.14 lines 101-103)（正當特迪·羅斯福總統(tǒng)的女兒給他頒獎之際，洛茲被發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有獨立跑完全程。）

5.Having cramped up at about nine miles, he accepted a ride from a passing car. (para.14 lines 104-105)（他在9英里處腿部抽筋，便搭乘了輛路過的汽車。）

6.Perhaps most amazing of all, if it were later proved that, say, a boxer or a wrestler had dishonestly won through bribery — he still didn’t lose his title.

也許最令人感到震驚的是即使事后證實某位拳擊手或摔跤手通過賄賂的手段不光彩地贏得了比賽?他們也不會因此而失去冠軍頭銜。

And even if an honest judge was stationed at the turning post that the runners had to circle, he still had great difficulty in determining whose elbow was smashing into whose ribs, because the athletes didn’t wear numbers.

而且即便在運動員必經(jīng)的拐彎處安置一位人品正直的裁判，他也很難分辨是誰用肘部擊打了誰的肋部，因為參賽選手沒有編號，也不穿統(tǒng)一的比賽服裝。

8.According to a recent book by Professor David Young of the University of California at Santa Barbara, the winner of the sprint could, in fact, expect to earn the ancient equivalent of several hundred thousand dollars! 位于圣塔·巴巴拉市的加州大學的戴維·揚教授在其新著中稱，短跑冠軍實際上有望獲得相當于幾十萬美元的獎金！

9.Promoters of minor track meets — which were often held to advertise local products (!) — would fork over plenty to have the hottest runners of the day merely show up. What’s more, the athletes were generally absolved by their home town from paying taxes and were given free meals for life.

當時，一些小型比賽的發(fā)起者?通常是為了給當?shù)氐漠a(chǎn)品做廣告（�。�?確實會向當紅短跑明星支付大筆的酬金，請他們到場露露臉。此外，運動員的家鄉(xiāng)通常給予他們免稅的待遇，并終生免費提供一日三餐。

10.I am not afraid to name names. The greatest sprinter in antiquity was a certain Astylos, who hailed from Crotona, a tiny Greek village in Italy.我可以指出一些具體的名字。古代最優(yōu)秀的短跑選手是來自位于意大利境內(nèi)的希臘小村克洛托納的一個叫阿斯特洛斯的小伙子。

11. Afterwards, Astylos was approached by some boys from Syracuse, then a rich and growing city in Sicily, who made him an offer he couldn’t refuse. They suggested that he change citizenship so he could run for their city’s team in the next Olympics.不久，位于西西里的一個新興城市西拉庫斯派人與他接洽，勸說他改變國籍代表西拉庫斯參加下一屆奧運會。他們提出的優(yōu)厚待遇使阿斯特洛斯難以拒絕。

12. Lest I besmirch the name of a great athlete, let me hasten to say that I do not imply that Astylos really cheated. He simply accepted a lot of cash to move to a bigger base of operations. It

happens all the time today with corporate executives. 請允許我趕緊聲明我并不是說阿斯特洛斯欺騙了世人，以免有辱一代名將的一世英名。他只是接受了一筆錢，投靠了一個實力更強大的城市。這種情況在現(xiàn)代社會的公司管理人員中是司空見慣的。

13.It almost goes without saying that the Greeks overwhelmed their countryman Spiridon Loues, the winner of the marathon, with numerous tangible rewards. (Some accounts say female spectators threw their jewels down to him on the track.) 當希臘選手斯普里敦·洛伊斯獲得馬拉松比賽的冠軍時，希臘人給予他們的同胞大量物質(zhì)獎勵。（有人描述當時有些女觀眾甚至向場內(nèi)的英雄拋擲珠寶首飾。）

14.But let us quickly say he won fair and square. And yet when he crossed the finish line, he was a little “high” on more than joy — having fortified himself along the road with swigs of sugared wine.我們必須趕緊聲明洛伊斯還是光明正大地贏得了比賽。盡管在沖過終點線時，他顯得與其說是興奮還不如說有點“醉醺醺”的?因為他在途中大量飲用摻了糖的葡萄酒以保持體 15. Since then, doctors have been hard at work trying to invent substances that would improve performance while escaping detection. This medical research may have helped performances but it has often harmed athletes. 自那時起，醫(yī)學人員就開始致力于研制開發(fā)有助于提高比賽成績同時又能不被察覺的藥物。這項醫(yī)學研究也許能提高運動員的成績，但通常會對他們的身體造成傷害。

16. Upon investigation, the judges discovered that Boris had been a rather naughty boy, having rewired his sword to light at any moment he would deem appropriate.經(jīng)過調(diào)查，裁判發(fā)現(xiàn)狡猾的伯利斯重新設(shè)計了其佩劍中的電路，因而燈何時會亮完全操縱在他本人手中。

17.There is no need to conjecture about Dora Ratjen, the German athlete who just missed a gold medal in the women’s high jump in the notorious Olympics of 1936.然而，德國運動員朵拉·拉特金的性別是不容置疑的。在臭名昭著的1936年奧運會上錯失了女子跳高金牌后，“她”隨后在這個項目中屢屢改寫世界紀錄。

18.Very few of us, I think, would subscribe to the view of a European coach, who was recently quoted as saying: “As long as you are still alive for the victory ceremony, you should get your reward. There is no room for ethics in sports anymore.”我想，很少有人會贊同一位歐洲教練近來發(fā)表的觀點，“只要你還活著為勝利而慶賀，就應該得到報酬。體育比賽中沒有倫理道德的位置�！�

19.This is cynical in the extreme. I firmly believe that the majority of spectators today watch the Olympics to see “pure” excellence.這只是一種極端的憤世嫉俗的態(tài)度。我堅信當今絕大多數(shù)的觀眾觀看奧運比賽是為了看到一種“純潔”的勝利

第八單元

1.If you are pleased with the complaisance and attention of others to your honours, your tastes, or your weaknesses, depend upon it, the same complaisance and attention on your part to theirs will equally please them.(如果別人對你的情緒、品味或弱點所給予的恭維和關(guān)注令你高興，那么你對別人給予同樣的恭維和關(guān)注無疑也會令別人喜悅。)

2.be serious, gay, or even trifiling, as you find the present humor of the company; this is an attention due from every individual to the majority.(無論是嚴肅、快樂還是懶散，你的情緒要和朋友們同步，這是個人應對多數(shù)人表示的一種禮貌。)

3.nor labor, as many people do, to give that turn to the conversation, which may supply you with an opportunity of exhibiting them.(即使談話為你提供了展示這些優(yōu)點的機會，你也不要像許多人那樣，拼命地把它們轉(zhuǎn)移到話題中去。) 4.The particular characters, the habits, the cant of one company may give merit to a word, or a gesture, which would have none at all if divested of those accidental circumstances.(某個圈子中的人物、習慣和慣用語可能會看重某個詞、某個手勢，但離開了特定的場合，它們就可能變得毫無價值。)

5.Here people very commonly err; and fond of something that has entertained them in one company, and in certain circumstances, repeat it with emphasis in another, where it is either insipid, or it may be offensive, by being ill-timed or misplaced.(在這方面人們經(jīng)常會犯錯誤：他們喜歡在某個圈子里令他們愉快的某樣事情，而在另一個圈子里特別強調(diào)地重復它。然而由于時間或地點不宜，在不同的圈子里，它要么是枯燥乏味的，要么可能是無禮唐突的。)

6.Those, therefore, who flattered skillfully, said little to him of his abilities in state affairs, or at least but en passant, and as it might naturally occur. But the incense which they gave him, the smoke of which they knew would turn his head in their favor, was as a bel esprit and a poet.(于是，那些善于獻媚的人幾乎不提他的治國才能，即使說也只是一筆帶過，仿佛自然順帶提到而已。只有恭維他為才子和詩人才會令其飄飄然并垂青于獻媚者。)

6.his prevailing weakness was, to be thought to have a polite and happy turn to gallantry — of which he had undoubtedly less than any man living.(他的主要弱點是希望被人認為具有騎士(紳士)般彬彬有禮的快樂天性，而他無疑比任何人都欠缺這種品質(zhì)。)

7.If they are both bad, she comforts herself that she has graces, a certain manner, a je ne sais quoi still more more engaging than beauty.(萬一這兩者都很糟糕，她就會安慰自己： 她具有比美貌更迷人的風度、舉止和某種難以形容的品質(zhì)。 )

8.But there is no living in the world without a complaisant indulgence for people’s weaknesses, and innocent, though ridiculous vanities.(但凡生活在這個世界上，就不能不寬縱別人荒謬卻無害的缺點和虛榮。)

9.If a man has a mind to be thought wiser and a woman handsomer, than they really are, their error is a comfortable one to themselves, and an innocent one with regard to other people, and I would rather make them my friends by indulging them in it, than my enemies by endeavoring (and that to no purpose) to undeceive them.(如果一個男人希望被認為比其實際更聰明，一個女人希望被認為比其實際更漂亮，他們的這種錯誤令他們自己覺得舒服而又對別人無害。我寧愿縱容他們、與之為友，也不愿竭力去（無緣無故地）揭人之短而為自己樹敵。) 10.There are little attentions, likewise, which are infinitely engaging, and which sensibly affect that degree of pride and self-love, which is inseparable from human nature, as they are unquestionable proofs of the regard and consideration which we have for the persons to whom we pay them.(于細微處見關(guān)懷，同樣也是極其動人的，因為它毫無疑問證明了我們對被關(guān)懷者是關(guān)心和體諒的，這種關(guān)懷明顯會影響一個人自尊、自戀的程度，這也是人之常情。)

11.Such attention to such trifles flatters self-love much more than greater thing, as it makes people think themselves almost the only objects of your thoughts and care.(對此類細節(jié)的如此關(guān)注較之大處更能取悅自戀者，因為這令他們覺得自己幾乎是你考慮和關(guān)心的唯一對象。)13.and shall not grudge it if you reap the advantage.( 你若能從中獲益，我將不勝寬慰。)

漢議英 第七單元

1.吸引大量觀眾的體育運動為人們觀賞青春的活力、速度和力量提供了一個窗口。（Spectator sports provide an outlet for viewing the vitality of youth, speed, and strength.）

2.它所展示的技能水平強烈地吸引著人們。(The levels of skill （that are）displayed fascinate people. )

3.男性之所以比女性更直接地認同這種運動，是因為他們的童年經(jīng)歷和比賽所展示的陽剛之氣。(Men identify more directly than women with spectator sports because of their childhood experience and the macho nature of games. ) 4.這種運動對男性來說，在心理上還有另外一種吸引力：因為他們是男人，有可能被召喚到賽場上，被要求打比賽或當教練，去貢獻自己的一技之長。（For men there is an additional attraction in their minds because since they are male they could be called on to the field, asked to contribute their playing or coaching skills. ）

5.因此觀看這類比賽給他們的遐想（daydreams）提供了素材。（Viewing sports thus provides the raw material for dreams.） 6.而女性在觀看比賽中也從他人身上間接地獲得了渴望取勝的滿足感，而且有更多的女性正積極地投身到競技體育中去。（Nevertheless, women too feel vicarious(想象別人的苦樂而產(chǎn)生同感/共鳴的）satisfaction from a desire to win than ever and more women are becoming active in competitive sports. ） 7.到20世紀70年代初，體育愛好者們對比賽不斷增長的興趣，在電視聯(lián)播中得到了進一步加強，并把職業(yè)運動轉(zhuǎn)變成了利潤豐厚地商業(yè)活動。（By the early 1970s, growing fan interest in the games, heightened by network television, had transformed professional sports into lucrative business enterprises. ） 8.結(jié)果，一些全新的俱樂部聯(lián)合會雨后春筍般地涌現(xiàn)出來，與現(xiàn)有的體育組織展開競爭，并以誘人的工資來吸引運動員加盟。（As a result, entirely new leagues sprang up/mushroomed to compete with established organizations and lure away players with attractive salaries. ）

9.隨著體育變得更像傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)活動，越來越多地運動員尋找他們的經(jīng)紀人，代表他們參加工資談判。現(xiàn)在，職業(yè)體育運動已經(jīng)進入一個新時代。（As sports became more like traditional businesses, players increasingly turned to agents to represent them in salary negotiations. Now professional sports have entered a new era.）

第八單元

1.我心里有一些東西，一直渴望著說出來教育年輕人；因為正是在一個人早年尚未成熟的時候，這些東西最能生根、最能持久，也最珍貴。（I have a few things in my mind which I have often longed to say for the instruction of the young; for it is in one’s tender early years that such things will best take root and be most enduring and most valuable. ） 2.當父母在場時要始終服從他們。從長遠的觀點來看，這是最好的策略。因為即使你不服從他們，他們也會使你服從。（Always obey your parents when they are present. This is best policy in the long run, because if you don’t they will make you. ）

3.大部分父母認為他們知道的比你多。你接受這一點，通常比你根據(jù)自己判斷行事，會獲得更大的收益。（Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can generally benefit more by accepting that idea than you can by acting on your own judgment.）

4.要尊重你的上司，也要尊重你的朋友、熟人和身邊的人。（Be respectful to your superiors, also to friends, acquaintances and people around you. ） 5.如果一個人冒犯了你，你又不能確定他是有意還是無意，不要采取極端的做法；只要等待時機予以回擊就行了。（If a person offends you, and you are in doubt as to whether it was intentional or not, do not resort to extreme measures; simply watch your chance and hit him back later. That will be sufficient.）

6.如果你能肯定他并非有意冒犯，就應該坦率說出來，承認自己攻擊他是錯誤的，像一個男子漢那樣承認錯誤，對他說你不是有意這樣做的。（If you shall find that he had not intended any offense, come out frankly and confess yourself in the wrong when you struck him; acknowledge it like a man and say you didn’t mean to.）

7.要始終避免使用暴力，在這個仁愛和友善的時代，依仗暴力的日子已經(jīng)一去不復返了。（Always avoid violence. In this age of charity and kindliness, the time has gone by for violence.）

聽力總結(jié)

1.seeing a wild animal 1.goog habitats

1.prevent endangered animals

2.They are the threats to species

2.importance of protecting the animals 2.Their responsibility to protect animals

3.His personal life 3.four times

3.since his childhood 3.a fight scene

3.more interested in cars

4.learned of 4.tend to use 4.one can easily

5.environment problems 5.similar to earth 5.scientists haven’t

6.journalist and interviewee 6.pursuit of beauty 6.a friend of hers

6.energetic and fashionable

7.there are very fashionable 7.on their bodies 7.T-shirt from India

7.large and metallic jewellery 7.choose clothes

8.in the tropical 8.were prosperous 8.hundreds of years

9.in the western Atlantic 9.mystery occurs there 9.more than 100 ships 9.a curious white light

9.the cause for this mystery

10.a lecture there

10.places of interest in the city 10.from England

11.character mickey mouse 11.about 45 percent 11.a media company

12.visit a museum

12.camping companion 12.missed the show 12.she does not like jazz 12.Dancing anymore

13.a chef 13.his neck 13.movies are

13.actress and director 13.the sound of music

14.the first ancient 14.776BC

14.all the participants 14.1896

14.booked a ticket

15.may 1928 15.In Uruguay 15.all the matches 15.2-1 Uruguay 15.a different ball

寫作（書信）

English Department Beijing University 111 Xueyuan Road

Beijing 100080 隔一行 November 15, 2007隔一行 Dr. Andreas Rodger

Department of English Literature Boston University

231 Brooklyn Street, NY 10323 USA隔一行

Dear Dr. Rodger:隔一行

The English Department of Beijing University would like to extend to you an invitation to be our guest speaker at the annual Literature Seminars to be held at the meeting room at eight o’clock, Saturday morning, December 21,2009.

As you know, the department is interested in the 20th centu研究生英語期末考試復習資料ry English literature. Since you are familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us.

You will receive further details later, but we would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda. Yours sincerely,隔一行 Samson Zhang

Dr. Andreas Rodger

Department of English Literature Boston University

231 Brooklyn Street, NY 10323 U.S.A.隔行 November 26,2007 隔行 Samson Zhang

English Department Beijing University 111 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100080隔行 Dear Mr. Zhang:隔行

Thank you very much for the invitation to the annual Literature Seminal which will be held at your meeting room at eight o’clock, Saturday morning, December 21,2007.

Unfortunately, I have to give lectures to my students at Boston University from December 1 to January 15 according to the teaching schedule. I am really sorry for being unable to attend the seminar.隔行

I wish the seminar a great success.隔行

Yours sincerely, 隔行 Andreas Rodger

Huang Feihong (P.O. box 226)

Hefei University of Technology

193 Tunxi Road ,Hefei 230009 Anhui Province P. R. China

December 11, 2003

Judy Williams, Admission Adm

Graduate School Admissions Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824隔行 Dear Mr. Berger:隔行

I am applying for the position of the chief of the department, which was advertised November 4…. The position seems to fit very well with my education, experience…隔行

According to the advertisement, your position requires excellent communication skills, I will be graduating from… . My study includes the courses in speech communications, computer science, etc. I understand the position also requires a candidate who is team-and detail- oriented, and is able to deal with people in department throughout the firm. These skills I developed both in my courses and recent internship.隔行

My background and goals seem to match your requirements well. I am confident that I can perform the job effectively, and I am excited about…隔行

If you would like to schedule an interview or discuss my interest in this position, please call me at 0551-3524689.

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